Contrast enhancement as motivation for closed syllable laxing and open syllable tensing

Phonology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-340
Author(s):  
Benjamin Storme
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Perceptual Contrast

This paper proposes that closed syllable laxing and open syllable tensing of non-low vowels are motivated by conflicting strategies of contrast enhancement in vowel–consonant sequences. Laxing enhances the distinctiveness of consonant contrasts by allowing for more distinct VC formant transitions, in particular in sequences involving a non-low vowel followed by an oral labial/coronal/velar consonant (e.g. [p t k]). Tensing enhances the distinctiveness of vowel contrasts by providing more distinct formant realisations for vowels. Linguistic variation results from different ways of resolving the tension between maximising vowel dispersion and maximising consonant dispersion. Laxing typically applies before coda consonants as a way to compensate for the absence of good perceptual cues to place of articulation. The hypothesis that laxing enhances the distinctiveness of postvocalic place contrasts is supported by a study of mid-vowel laxing in French, which corroborates the general claim that perceptual contrast plays a role in shaping phonotactic restrictions.

Perceptual contrast enhancement in visual rendering of astrophotographs

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 031205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele L. R. Marini ◽  
Cristian Bonanomi ◽  
Alessandro Rizzi
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Perceptual Contrast

scholarly journals Ideal-observer models of perceptual contrast enhancement

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Platkiewicz ◽  
Hannah Michalska ◽  
Vincent Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Ideal Observer ◽  
Perceptual Contrast

Perceptual Development of Nasal Consonants in Children With Normal Hearing and in Children Who Use Cochlear Implants

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Guillot ◽  
Ralph N. Ohde ◽  
Mark Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Perceptual Development ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Nasal Consonant

Purpose This study was conducted to determine whether the perceptions of nasal consonants in children with normal hearing and children with cochlear implants were predicted by the discontinuity hypothesis. Methods Four groups participated: 8 adults, 8 children with normal hearing (ages 5–7 years), 8 children with normal hearing (ages 3.5–4 years), and 5 children with cochlear implants (ages 5–7 years). Stimuli were 128 nasal consonant + vowel (/m/ /n/ + /i/ /æ/ /u/ /ɑ/) syllables produced by a male adult. Each syllable production was edited into 4 segment types: (a) 50-ms murmur, (b) 25-ms murmur + 25-ms transition, (c) 50-ms transition, and (d) full syllable. Results Developmental effects were observed across listener groups. The children performed better in the 25-ms murmur + 25-ms transition condition, which suggests that they benefit from an integrated perceptual cue. The children wearing cochlear implants performed poorer than children with normal hearing on all segments. Conclusions Developmental differences in perception of nasal consonants were evident. Children wearing cochlear implants showed weaker integration and perception abilities compared to younger children with normal hearing. As predicted by the discontinuity hypothesis, the segment with the spectral discontinuity provided the strongest perceptual cues to place of articulation of nasals in children with normal hearing.

scholarly journals Perceptual contrast enhancement with dynamic range adjustment

Optik ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 124 (23) ◽  
pp. 5906-5913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yuecheng Li ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Ding Yuan ◽  
Mingui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Perceptual Contrast

scholarly journals Retinex-Based Perceptual Contrast Enhancement in Images Using Luminance Adaptation

IEEE Access ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 61277-61286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingtao Fu ◽  
Cheolkon Jung ◽  
Kaiqiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Perceptual Contrast

scholarly journals Hue-preserving perceptual contrast enhancement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Pierre ◽  
Jean-Francois Aujol ◽  
Aurelie Bugeau ◽  
Gabriele Steidl ◽  
Vinh-Thong Ta
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Perceptual Contrast

scholarly journals Phonetic and phonological aspects of Slavic sibilant fricatives

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 175-213
Author(s):  
Marzena Zygis
Keyword(s):  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Perceptual Distance ◽  
Slavic Linguistics ◽  
Perceptual Contrast ◽  
Sibilant Fricatives

In this artiele I reanalyze sibilant inventories of Slavic languages by taking into consideration acoustic. perceptive and phonological evidence. The main goal of this study is to show that perception is an important factor which determines the shape of sibilant inventories. The improvement of perceptual contrast essentially contributes to creating new sibilant inventories by (i) changing the place of articulation of the existing phonemes (ii) merging sibilants that are perceptually very close or (iii) deleting them. It has also been shown that the symbol s traditionally used in Slavic linguistics corresponds to two sounds in the IP A system: it stands for a postalveolar sibilant (ʃ) in some Slavic languages, as e.g. Bulagarian, Czech, Slovak, some Serbian and Croatian dialects, whereas in others like Polish, Russian, Lower Sorbian it functions as a retroflex (ʂ). This discrepancy is motivated by the fact that ʃ is not optimal in terms of maintaining sufficient perceptual contrast to other sibilants such as s and ɕ. If ʃ occurs together with s (and sʲ) there is a considerable perceptual distance between them but if it occurs with ɕ in an inventory, the distance is much smaller. Therefore, the strategy most languages follow is the change from a postalveolar to a retroflex sibilant.  

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