Pear Ester – From Discovery to Delivery for Improved Codling Moth Management

AbstractThe use of the timing of moth catch in traps to predict the start of egg hatch by first-generation codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in apple, Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae), was evaluated with ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) lures. Two sets of paired traps baited with either lure were placed in each of seven orchards and checked daily during the spring flight in 2000 and 2001. Rearing of field-collected eggs and sampling of fruit for injury were used to estimate the date of first egg hatch. Moth catch in traps baited with codlemone and pear ester occurred approximately 144 and 105 degree-days prior to the start of egg hatch, respectively. The effectiveness of using the timing of sustained moth catch in traps baited with these lures as a biological reference point (Biofix) to predict the start of egg hatch when traps were checked every 3–4 d was evaluated in 11 orchards from 2000 to 2002. The calendar date for the start of sustained moth catch in traps baited with either lure varied widely among orchards and years. Significant differences in mean cumulative degree-days from first sustained moth catch until egg hatch were found among male moth catch in codlemone-baited traps and total and female moth catch in pear ester-baited traps. Adjusting the Biofix based on daily temperature thresholds significantly changed the cumulative degree-days required until egg hatch only for female moth catch. No significant differences were found in the accuracy of predicting the date of egg hatch using either the codlemone or pear ester lure or by adjusting the Biofix date using daily temperature thresholds. The cumulative degree-day totals required from Biofix until egg hatch had the lowest variability when the Biofix was (i) based on the sustained catch of female moths in a pear ester-baited trap and (ii) adjusted with a temperature threshold for moth activity.

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Use of Phenylacetonitrile Plus Acetic Acid to Monitor Pandemis pyrusana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Apple

10.1101/092452 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. L. Knight ◽

E. Basoalto ◽

G. J. R. Judd ◽

R. Hilton ◽

D. M. Suckling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Sex Pheromone ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Emission Rates ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Plant Volatile ◽

Pandemis Pyrusana ◽

Pear Ester ◽

Plant Volatile Compounds

ABSTRACTA recent discovery have demonstrated that herbivore induced plant volatile compounds from apple tree infested with leafrollers were highly attractive to con-specific adult male and female leafrollers. However, this work has been conducted in New Zealand and Canada testing only low doses of kairomone. This study has been conducted in US to assess the attractiveness of higher doses of the six apple volatiles provisory identified in apple trees infested by tortricid larvaeto the leafroller, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott. These volatiles included, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, benzyl alcohol, phenylacetonitrile, (E)-nerolidol, and indole. No volatiles were attractive to P. pyrusana when used alone. However, traps baited with phenylacetonitrile plus acetic acid caught both sexes of P. pyrusana. Traps baited with the other volatiles plus acetic acid caught zero to only incidental numbers of moths, ≤ 1.0. Adding phenylacetonitrile to traps baited with pear ester, ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate plus acetic acid significantly reduced catches of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). However, adding phenylacetonitrile to traps baited with codling moth sex pheromone, pear ester, and acetic acid did not similarly reduce moth catches of C. pomonella. Interestingly, traps baited with phenylacetonitrile plus acetic acid caught significantly more P. pyrusana than traps baited with a commercial sex pheromone lure. The evaporation rate of the acetic acid co-lure was an important factor affecting catches of P. pyrusana with phenylacetonitrile, and studies are needed to optimize the emission rates of both lure components. Further studies are warranted to develop phenylacetonitrile and possibly other aromatic plant volatiles as bisexual lures for the range of tortricid pests attacking horticultural crops.

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