Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Multiple Ligament Injured Knee

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (05) ◽  
pp. 421-430
Author(s):  
Michelle E. Kew ◽  
Mark D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Nonsurgical Management ◽  
Injured Knee ◽  
Tibial Inlay ◽  
Low Activity

AbstractMultiligamentous knee injuries are challenging to treat and diagnose. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are commonly found in the constellation of injuries included in a multiligamentous knee injury and are caused by a posteriorly directed force on the proximal tibia with relation to the femoral condyles. A thorough history and physical examination should be performed to evaluate for associated neurovascular injuries and associated ligamentous, chondral, or bony injuries. Nonsurgical management is reserved for patients who are critically ill or have very low activity demands. Surgical reconstruction is recommended for most patients with multiligamentous knee injuries. The PCL reconstruction can be undertaken with several different graft options and reconstruction techniques, including the transtibial, arthroscopic tibial inlay, and open tibial inlay approach. The literature has a paucity of data regarding outcomes among the various reconstructive options, so the optimal surgical technique has not been established.

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Transtibial or Tibial Inlay Techniques: A Meta-analysis of Biomechanical and Clinical Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 2789-2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Yeong Lee ◽  
Dong-Hee Kim ◽  
Hyun-Jung Kim ◽  
Hyeong-Sik Ahn ◽  
Tae-Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Knee Function ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Tibial Inlay

Background: Transtibial (TT) or tibial inlay (TI) techniques are commonly used for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCLR). However, the optimum method for PCLR after PCL injury remains debatable. Hypothesis/Purpose: The hypothesis was that TT and TI techniques would not show significant differences for all outcome measures. The purpose was to determine the biomechanical and clinical outcomes of TT and TI surgical techniques for PCLR. Study Design: Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and SCOPUS electronic databases for articles published up until August 2016 were searched to find relevant articles comparing outcomes of TT versus TI techniques for PCLR. Data searching, extraction, analysis, and quality assessment were performed according to Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Biomechanical outcomes and clinical outcomes of both techniques were compared. Results are presented as risk ratio (RR) for binary outcomes and weighted mean difference (WMD) for continuous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Five biomechanical and 5 clinical studies were included. No significant biomechanical differences were found regarding posterior tibial translation (PTT) at a knee flexion angle of 90° or PTT after cyclic loading between the 2 groups. However, a stronger in situ force in the graft was detected in the TT group (WMD = 15.58; 95% CI, 0.22-30.95; I2 = 10%). Although no significant differences were found in clinical outcomes such as Lysholm knee function score, Tegner activity score, side-to-side difference, or posterior drawer test at final follow-up between the 2 groups, the TT technique tended to entail fewer perioperative complications than the TI technique (RR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.35-1.00; I2 = 0%). Conclusion: TT and TI techniques for PCLR can both restore normal knee kinematics and improve knee function. However, the issue of which yields better improvement in stability and functional recovery of the knee remains unclear. More high-quality trials and randomized controlled trials are needed. Although PCLR via the TT technique resulted in higher graft forces, determining whether this is clinically significant will require further studies. When performing the TI technique, surgeons should inform patients of the risk of complications.

Reconstructions of the Knee Following Combined Injury to the Posterior Cruciate Ligament and the Posterior Lateral Structures

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Askew ◽  
William B. Wiley ◽  
Arne Melby ◽  
Donald A. Noe
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Combined Injury ◽  
Rotary Instability ◽  
Lateral Structures ◽  
Tibial Translation ◽  
Combined Injuries

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) provides primary restraint to posterior tibial translation (1). Knee injuries involving only the PCL usually result in minimal disability, and are commonly treated non-surgically (2). However, combined injuries of the PCL and the posterior lateral structures (PLS) in the knee can result in considerable abnormal posterior laxity and posterolateral rotary instability leading to rapid cartilage degeneration (3). There is consensus that, in most cases, knees with this combined injury require surgical reconstruction.

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