Multi-state series-parallel systems (MSSPSs) are widely-used for representing engineering systems. In real-life cases, engineers need to design an optimal MSSPS structure by combining different versions and number of redundant components. The objective of the design is to ensure reliability requirements using the least costs, which could be formulated as a redundancy optimization problem under reliability constraints. The genetic algorithm is one of the most frequently used method for solving redundancy optimization problems. In traditional genetic algorithms, the population size needs to be determined based on the experience of the modeler. Often, this ends up creating a large number of unnecessary samples. As a result, the computational burden can be huge, especially for large-scale MSSPS structures. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an optimal structure designing method named as redundancy ordinal optimization. The universal generating function technique is applied to evaluate the reliabilities of the MSSPSs. Based on the reliabilities, an ordinal optimization algorithm is adapted to update the parent populations and the stopping criterion of genetic algorithm, so that the unnecessary structure designs can be eliminated. Numerical examples show that the proposed method improves the computational efficiency while remaining satisfactorily accurate.
A case for tracking and exploiting inter-node and intra-node memory content sharing in virtualized large-scale parallel systems
