French Feminism in the Nineteenth Century. Claire Goldberg MosesStepping Stones to Women's Liberty: Feminist Ideas in the Women's Suffrage Movement, 1900-1918. Les Garner

Signs ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-566
Author(s):  
Elisabeth A. Weston
Author(s):  
Ben Epstein

This chapter explores communication innovations made by American social movements over time. These movements share political communication goals and outsider status, which helps to connect innovation decisions across movements and across time. The chapter primarily explores two long-lasting movements. First is the women’s suffrage movement, which lasted over seventy years of the print era from the mid-nineteenth century until the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. Next is the long-lasting fight against racial discrimination, which led to the modern civil rights movement starting in the print era, but coming of age along with television during the 1950s and 1960s. Both the women’s suffrage movement and civil rights movement utilized innovative tactics with similarly mild results until mainstream coverage improved. Finally, these historical movements are compared with movements emerging during the internet era, including the early Tea Party, Occupy Wall Street, Black Lives Matter, and the Resist movement.


Author(s):  
Christopher Grasso

After serving in Congress, Kelso resolved to open his own academy in Springfield. He supported the women’s suffrage movement in town. But he had borrowed heavily to build a large school building, and when few students enrolled, he was financially ruined. He ran for Congress again in 1868, but in a bitter campaign focused on monetary policy and filled with dirty tricks, he floundered and was badly beaten by his old nemesis, Pony Boyd. All of this only added to the strain of his marriage, already plagued by sexual problems and mutual jealousies. Kelso’s great tragedy, however, was not financial, political, or marital. In early September, 1870, his five-year-old son died suddenly from tetanus after stepping on a rusty rake. Only two weeks later, his fourteen-year-old son committed suicide. Kelso was shattered. The following year, his marriage in ruins, he took his eldest daughter Florella and headed west.


Author(s):  
Maria A. Windell

Transamerican Sentimentalism concludes by returning to the 1880s and exploring how the mode translates not only across the US–Mexico border but also through language. The coda juxtaposes an 1878 suffragist document that maligns “the Mexicans, Half-Breeds and ignorant, vicious men [who] voted solid against women’s suffrage in Colorado” with Helen Hunt Jackson’s 1884 novel Ramona and José Martí’s 1888 translation thereof. Given their associations with nineteenth-century reform movements, it is perhaps unsurprising that these distinct yet varied documents use sentimentalism to generate connective possibilities. Yet the coda notes how they each also use the mode as a tool of dispossession. Within this contradiction lie the contingent, disjunctive, and anachronistic accumulations that define transamerican sentimentalism—and that open powerful alternative possibilities for hemispheric connection.


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