scholarly journals Precocious realists: perceptual and cognitive characteristics associated with drawing talent in non-autistic children

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1522) ◽  
pp. 1449-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Drake ◽  
Ellen Winner
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Still Life ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Design Task ◽  
Processing Bias ◽  
Local Processing Bias ◽  
Drawing Strategy

A local processing bias in the block design task and in drawing strategy has been used to account for realistic drawing skill in individuals with autism. We investigated whether the same kind of local processing bias is seen in typically developing children with unusual skill in realistic graphic representation. Forty-three 5–11-year-olds who drew a still life completed a version of the block design task in both standard and segmented form, were tested for their memory for the block design items, and were given the Kaufmann Brief Intelligence Test-II. Children were classified as gifted, moderately gifted or typical on the basis of the level of realism in their drawings. Similar to autistic individuals, the gifted group showed a local processing bias in the block design task. But unlike autistic individuals, the gifted group showed a global advantage in the visual memory task and did not use a local drawing strategy; in addition, their graphic realism skill was related to verbal IQ. Differences in the extent of local processing bias in autistic and typically developing children with drawing talent are discussed.

scholarly journals Switching between the Forest and the Trees: The Contribution of Global to Local Switching to Spatial Constructional Abilities in Typically Developing Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Isa Zappullo ◽  
Luigi Trojano ◽  
Roberta Cecere ◽  
Gennaro Raimo ◽  
Monica Positano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Construction Tasks ◽  
Switching Task ◽  
Spatial Construction

Background: Spatial analysis encompasses the ability to perceive the visual world by arranging the local elements (“the trees”) into a coherent global configuration (“the forest”). During childhood, this ability gradually switches from a local to a global precedence, which contributes to changes in children’s spatial construction abilities, such as drawing or building blocks. At present, it is not clear whether enhanced global or local processing or, alternatively, whether switching between these two levels best accounts for children’s spatial constructional abilities. Methods: We assessed typically developing children 7 to 8 years old on a global/local switching task and on two widely used spatial construction tasks (the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure and the Block Design test). Results: The ability to switch from global to local level, rather than a global or a local advantage, best accounted for children’s performance on both spatial construction tasks. Conclusions: The present findings contribute to elucidate the relationship between visual perception and spatial construction in children showing that the ease with which children switch perception from global to local processing is an important factor in their performance on tasks requiring complex drawing and block assembling.

scholarly journals How Do We Explain ‛Autistic Traits’ in European Upper Palaeolithic Art?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-279
Author(s):  
Penny Spikins ◽  
Callum Scott ◽  
Barry Wright
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Processing Bias ◽  
Local Processing Bias ◽  
Palaeolithic Art

AbstractTraits in Upper Palaeolithic art which are also seen in the work of talented artists with autism, including most obviously an exceptional realism, remain to be explained. However any association between the famously evocative animal depictions created in the European Upper Palaeolithic and what is commonly seen as a ‘disorder’ has always been contentious. Debate over these similarities has been heated, with explanations ranging from famous works of Upper Palaeolithic art having been created by individuals with autism spectrum conditions, to being influenced by such individuals, to being a product of the use of psychotropic drugs. Here we argue that ‘autistic traits’ in art, such as extreme realism, have been created by individuals with a cognitive extreme of local processing bias, or detail focus. The significance of local processing bias, which is found both as a feature of autism spectrum conditions and in artists with exceptional talent at realistic depiction who aren’t autistic, has implications for our understanding of Upper Palaeolithic society in general, as well as of the roles played by individuals with autism spectrum conditions.

scholarly journals Prism adaptation reverses the local processing bias in patients with right temporo-parietal junction lesions

Brain ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 1669-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet H. Bultitude ◽  
Robert D. Rafal ◽  
Alexandra List
Keyword(s):  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Processing Bias ◽  
Local Processing Bias

scholarly journals Modulation of non-spatial attention and the global/local processing bias

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Van Vleet ◽  
Albert K. Hoang-duc ◽  
Joseph DeGutis ◽  
Lynn C. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Processing Bias ◽  
Local Processing Bias

Language Influences on Verbal Short-Term Memory Performance in Down Syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Brock ◽  
Christopher Jarrold
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Term Memory

Down syndrome is associated with severe deficits in language and verbal short-term memory, but the causal relationship between these deficits is unclear. The current study therefore investigated the influence of language abilities on verbal short-term memory performance in Down syndrome. Twenty-one individuals with Down syndrome and 29 younger typically developing children were tested on memory for words and nonwords using 2 immediate recognition tasks: an order memory task that was a relatively pure measure of verbal short-term memory and an item memory task that was more sensitive to language ability. Despite having superior vocabulary knowledge to the typically developing children, individuals with Down syndrome were impaired on both order and item tasks. This impairment was particularly marked on the item task, where individuals with Down syndrome showed an atypically large lexicality effect. These results are interpreted in terms of an underlying verbal short-term memory deficit in Down syndrome that is compounded by poor phonological discrimination abilities.

Morphology in autism spectrum disorders: Local processing bias and language

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 584-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Vulchanova ◽  
Joel B. Talcott ◽  
Valentin Vulchanov ◽  
Margarita Stankova ◽  
Hendrik Eshuis
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Processing Bias ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Local Processing Bias

A call to arms: Somatosensory perception and action

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry Leisman ◽  
Robert Melillo
Keyword(s):  
Perception And Action ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Somatosensory Processing ◽  
Interhemispheric Communication ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Processing Bias ◽  
Global Bias ◽  
Action Guidance ◽  
Local Processing Bias

AbstractSomatosensory processing for action guidance can be dissociated from perception and memory processing. The dorsal system has a global bias and the ventral system has a local processing bias. Autistics illustrate the point, showing a bias for part over wholes. Lateralized differences have also been noted in these modalities. The multi-modal dysfunction observed may suggest more an issue of interhemispheric communication.

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