Indian plate structural inheritance in the Himalayan foreland basin, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Duvall ◽  
John W.F. Waldron ◽  
Laurent Godin ◽  
Yani Najman ◽  
Alex Copley
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Structural Inheritance ◽  
Himalayan Foreland Basin

The Himalayan Foreland Basin from collision onset to the present: a sedimentary–petrology perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 483 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Garzanti
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Sedimentary Petrology ◽  
Himalayan Foreland Basin ◽  
Higher Rank ◽  
Major Factors

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the available stratigraphic, petrographical and mineralogical evidence from sediments and sedimentary rocks on the evolution of the Himalayan belt and its associated foreland basin. The use of compositional signatures of modern sediments to unravel provenance changes and palaeodrainage evolution through time is hampered by a poor match with detrital modes of ancient strata markedly affected by selective chemical dissolution of unstable minerals during diagenesis. Only semi-quantitative diagnoses can thus be attempted. Volcanic detritus derived from Transhimalayan arcs since India–Asia collision onset at c. 60 Ma was deposited onto the Indian lower plate throughout the Protohimalayan stage, with the exception of the Tansen region of Nepal that is characterized by quartz-arenites yielding orogen-derived zircon grains. During the Eohimalayan stage, begun in the late Eocene when most sedimentation ceased in the Tethys Himalayan domain, low-rank metasedimentary detritus was overwhelming in the central foreland basin, where a widespread unconformity developed spanning locally as much as 20 myr. Volcanic detritus from Transhimalayan arcs remained significant in northern Pakistan. Arrival of higher-rank metamorphic detritus since the earliest Miocene, and the successive occurrence of garnet, staurolite, kyanite and finally sillimanite, characterized the Neohimalayan stage, when repeated compositional changes in the foreland-basin succession document the stepwise propagation of crustal deformation across the Indian Plate margin and widening of the thrust belt with exhumation of progressively more external tectonic units. The correspondence in time between the activity of major thrusts and petrofacies changes indicates a promising approach to accurately reconstruct the geological evolution of the coupled orogen–basin system. Conversely, a poor conceptual framework and the general reliance on ad hoc mechanisms to explain phenomena unpredicted by simplified models represent major factors limiting the robustness of palaeotectonic interpretations. Improved knowledge requires taking into full account the dynamic role played by still poorly understood subduction processes – rather than exclusively the effect of passive loading – as well as the role played by the presence of inherited structures on the downgoing Indian Plate, which control both lateral variability of orogenic deformation and the location of depocentres in the foreland basin.

scholarly journals Active strike-slip faults and an outer frontal thrust in the Himalayan foreland basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (30) ◽  
pp. 17615-17621
Author(s):  
Michael J. Duvall ◽  
John W. F. Waldron ◽  
Laurent Godin ◽  
Yani Najman
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Triangle Zone ◽  
Blind Thrust ◽  
Thrust Sheets ◽  
Himalayan Foreland Basin ◽  
Basement Ridge

The Himalayan foreland basin formed by flexure of the Indian Plate below the advancing orogen. Motion on major thrusts within the orogen has resulted in damaging historical seismicity, whereas south of the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), the foreland basin is typically portrayed as undeformed. Using two-dimensional seismic reflection data from eastern Nepal, we present evidence of recent deformation propagating >37 km south of the MFT. A system of tear faults at a high angle to the orogen is spatially localized above the Munger-Saharsa basement ridge. A blind thrust fault is interpreted in the subsurface, above the sub-Cenozoic unconformity, bounded by two tear faults. Deformation zones beneath the Bhadrapur topographic high record an incipient tectonic wedge or triangle zone. The faults record the subsurface propagation of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) into the foreland basin as an outer frontal thrust, and provide a modern snapshot of the development of tectonic wedges and lateral discontinuities preserved in higher thrust sheets of the Himalaya, and in ancient orogens elsewhere. We estimate a cumulative slip of ∼100 m, accumulated in <0.5 Ma, over a minimum slipped area of ∼780 km2. These observations demonstrate that Himalayan ruptures may pass under the present-day trace of the MFT as blind faults inaccessible to trenching, and that paleoseismic studies may underestimate Holocene convergence.

Sediment colour as recorder of climate and tectonics: Cenozoic continental red beds of the Himalayan foreland basin in NW India

CATENA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 105298
Author(s):  
Seema Singh ◽  
A.K. Awasthi ◽  
Yuvika Khanna ◽  
Anjali Kumari ◽  
Bhart Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Red Beds ◽  
Himalayan Foreland Basin

Petrotectonic setting of the provenance of Lower Siwalik sandstones of the Himalayan foreland basin, southeastern Kumaun Himalaya, India

Island Arc ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. e12242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep K. Goswami ◽  
Tanuja Deopa
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Kumaun Himalaya ◽  
Himalayan Foreland Basin

scholarly journals U-Pb ages of the Himalayan foreland basin Northeast India: Implications for the India-Asia collision

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Upendra Baral ◽  
Lin Ding ◽  
Bhupati Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Himalayan Foreland Basin

Mio–Pliocene monsoonal record from Himalayan foreland basin (Indian Siwalik) and its relation to vegetational change

2004 ◽  
Vol 205 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta Sanyal ◽  
S.K Bhattacharya ◽  
Rohtash Kumar ◽  
S.K Ghosh ◽  
S.J Sangode
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Vegetational Change ◽  
Himalayan Foreland Basin

A multistorey sandstone complex in the Himalayan Foreland Basin, NW Himalaya, India

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohtash Kumar ◽  
Satish J Sangode ◽  
Sumit K Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Nw Himalaya ◽  
Himalayan Foreland Basin

Petrogenesis and mineral characteristics of the oldest volcanogenic breccia unit from the Himalayan foreland basin, India

GeoResJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Shukla ◽  
Anupam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Himalayan Foreland Basin
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document