Applications of PCF theory

We deal with several pcf problems: we characterize another version of exponentiation: maximal number of k-branches in a tree with λ nodes, deal with existence of independent sets in stable theories, possible cardinalities of ultraproducts and the depth of ultraproducts of Boolean Algebras. Also we give cardinal invariants for each λ with a pcf restriction and investigate further TD{f). The sections can be read independently, although there are some minor dependencies.