Conditioned Withdrawal in Goldfish: A Simple and Inexpensive Preparation for the Study of Classical Fear Conditioning in Vertebrates

A preparation for the study of classical fear conditioning in vertebrates is described. Its unique features are that it is inexpensive and easy to construct and operate. The following classical conditioning phenomena are demonstrated using this preparation: excitatory conditioning, extinction, contextual conditioning, blocking, a conditioned inhibition discrimination, and latent inhibition.