scholarly journals Approaching Pharmaceutical Patent Enforcement Using Intellectual Property Rights and Product Innovation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soaad Hossain

No data was used for the manuscript.

Author(s):  
Nazzini Renato

This chapter studies the consumer harm test. The consumer harm test asks whether the conduct of the dominant undertaking results in higher prices, lower output, or reduced product innovation. The test is not necessarily the manifestation of a consumer welfare objective of the competition rules but is consistent with the achievement of long-term social welfare. Therefore, the test may be applied under Article 102 even if this provision does not aim at maximizing some measure of consumer welfare but long-term social welfare. The chapter then looks at the consumer harm test in vertical foreclosure, focusing on refusal to supply and margin squeeze. Proof of consumer harm is required in all vertical foreclosure cases and not only when the refusal to supply relates to intellectual property rights.


Author(s):  
Marina Morla González

<p>Este estudio se centra en el análisis de la tensión que se produce en el comercio del medicamento entre los derechos de propiedad intelectual de los que son titulares las empresas farmacéuticas y el derecho a la salud del que es titular toda persona. Se reflexionará acerca del tratamiento del medicamento como bien de mercado, y no como bien social, en relación con los precios fijados por los titulares de las patentes farmacéuticas. Las diferentes realidades geográficas que dificultan una correcta aplicación de la normativa, el papel del Estado en la prestación farmacéutica y las importaciones paralelas también ocuparán parte de estas reflexiones; para concluir con la necesidad de incluir unos principios éticos de real y efectivo cumplimiento que inspiren la regulación legal de la materia.</p><p>This paper is mainly focused on the description of the tensions produced over medicine trade, between intellectual property rights of which pharmaceutical companies are holders, and the health right, which every person is holding. It will reflect up on the treatment made over the medicine as a market good instead a social good, regarding to prices established by pharmaceutical patent holders. The different geographical realities which make difficult a correct rule implementation, the role that the State plays in to pharmaceutical provisions, and parallel import sales o will focus a part of this analysis; in order to conclude with the necessity of including ethical principles really operative which inspire a legal regulation in this field.</p>


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