This paper describes a fundamental experiment on X-ray stress measurement of austenitic stainless steel (JIS SUS316L) with a new equipment which was developed in this study. An image plate (IP) as a two-dimensional X-ray detector and the cosα method as a principle of the measurement of stress were used in it. An experiment was conducted with CrKβ characteristic X-ray and γFe-311 diffraction line, and the results were compared to those that were obtained with the conventional sin2ψ method under the similar X-ray conditions. It was found that the accuracy of stresses obtained with the equipment developed are almost as same as those of the sin2ψ method. However, the measuring time can be shorten by several times by using it.