Presocratic philosophy

The Presocratics were the first Western philosophers. The most celebrated are Thales, Anaximander, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Zeno of Elea, Empedocles, Anaxagoras and Democritus. Active in Greece throughout the sixth and fifth centuries bc, they concentrated on cosmogony and cosmology – the tasks of explaining the world’s origin and order, without recourse to mythology.