How Properties Emerge

A framework for representing a specific kind of emergent property instance is given in terms of the fusion of property instances. A solution to a generalized version of the exclusion argument is then provided to show that this is not restricted to physical and mental events, and it is shown that upward and downward causation is unproblematical for that kind of emergence. One real example of this kind of emergence is briefly described and the suggestion made that emergence may be more common than current opinions allow. Throughout, reasons to be skeptical of an ontology containing sharply divided levels are given.