Frum-Ketkov type multivalued operators

Let (M,d) be a metric space, X\subset M be a nonempty closed subset and K\subset M be a nonempty compact subset. By definition, an upper semi-continuous multivalued operator F:X\to P(X) is said to be a strong Frum-Ketkov type operator if there exists \alpha\in ]0,1[ such that e_d(F(x),K)\le \alpha D_d(x,K), for every x\in X, where e_d is the excess functional generated by d and D_d is the distance from a point to a set. In this paper, we will study the fixed points of strong Frum-Ketkov type multivalued operators.

Generalized Spectral Theory in Complex Banach Algebras

Let A be an element of a complex Banach algebra with identitI. The ordinary spectrum of A, sp(A), consists of those points z in the complex plane such that A — zI has no inverse in . If Q is any other element of , we define spQ(A), the spectrum of A relative to Q, or Q-spectrum of A, as those points z such that has no inverse in . Thus if Q = 0 the Q-spectrum of A is the same as the ordinary spectrum of A.The generalized notion of spectrum, spQ(A), retains many of the properties of the ordinary spectrum, particularly when A and Q commute and the ordinary spectrum of Q does not meet the unit circle. Under these conditions the Q-spectrum of A is a nonempty compact subset of the plane, and if both sp(A) and sp(Q) are finite (or countable), so is spQ(A).