scholarly journals Effects of one haustorium-inducing quinone DMBQ on growth and development of root hemiparasitic plant Monochasma savatieri

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanlan Chen ◽  
Zaibiao Zhu ◽  
Qiaosheng Guo ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Zhigang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Wild Resources ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Inducing Factors ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT: Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim is a perennial, parasitic herb used in traditional Chinese medicine and its wild resources have decreased sharply in recent years due to destructively harvesting and habitat destruction. Haustorium formation is a key event of parasites, but the concentrations of haustorium-inducing factors vary with species and cultivation conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of the 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ) concentration and cultivation density on the growth traits, haustorium formation and biomass of M. savatieri in the absence of a host plant. The results showed that both the DMBQ concentration and cultivation density regulated growth traits, haustorium formation and biomass in M. savatieri. The number of haustoria was significantly positively correlated with seedling height, maximum root length, the number of root tips and total dry weight. Membership function analysis revealed an overall greater increase in growth traits, haustorium formation and biomass when M. savatieri was treated with 10 μmol·L-1DMBQ and grew solitarily. These results offer an understanding of growth in M. savatieri influenced by the DMBQ concentration and cultivation density, which may aid in the establishment of a comprehensive cultivation system for M. savatieri or similar plants.

scholarly journals The changes of morphological and physiological characteristics in hemiparasitic Monochasma savatieri before and after attachment to the host plant

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9780
Author(s):  
Lanlan Chen ◽  
Zaibiao Zhu ◽  
Qiaosheng Guo ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Zhigang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Host Associations

Background Monochasma savatieri is an endangered hemiparasitic medicinal plant with a variety of antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite the urgent need to understand the parasitic biology of M. savatieri, parasite-host associations have long been neglected in studies of M. savatieri. Methods We conducted a pot cultivation experiment to analyze changes in the growth traits, physiological performance and anatomical structures of M. savatieri grown with the potential host Gardenia jasminoides E., before and after the establishment of the parasite-host association. Results Prior to the establishment of the parasite-host association, the presence of the host had no significant effect on the maximum root length, leaf indexes or total dry weight of M. savatieri seedlings, but had significant positive effect on seedling height, number of roots or number of haustoria. When it was continuously grown without a host, M. savatieri growth was rather slow. The establishment of the parasite-host association enhanced the growth of M. savatieri, and higher levels of photosynthetic pigments, increased antioxidant enzyme activity and lower malondialdehyde accumulation were observed in M. savatieri with an established parasite-host association. Furthermore, an analysis of the anatomical structures of M. savatieri showed that the establishment of the parasite-host association enabled better development of the seedling vegetative organs than that in seedlings without parasite-host associations. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the physiological and anatomical changes that occurred in M. savatieri after connection with a host and suggests that the enhanced growth and development of M. savatieri were highly dependent on the parasite-host association.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Quality Seedlings

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Shahrina Akhtar ◽  
Jalal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Abdul Hamid ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Maximum Variance ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A study was conducted to evaluate 100 chickpea genotypes to explore their genetic diversity in respect of emergence and growth attributes. A high genotypic variation was observed in the characters studied. The highest positive correlation corresponded to the root mass and total plant biomass of the seedlings. Seedling biomass production was highly subjective to seedling vigor. Using discriminant function analysis, the first two functions contributed 46.2 and 39.0%, and altogether 85.2% of the variability among the genotypes. Function 1 was positively related to dry weight of root and total plants. The character with the greatest weight on function 2 was seedling emergence rate. The total dry weight of seedlings played the most dominant role in explaining the maximum variance in the genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Each cluster had specific seedling characteristics and the clusters 5 and 6 were closely related and clearly separated from clusters 1 and 4 for their higher amount of root and total biomass production, and vigorous seedlings, where as, the genotypes in cluster 2 and 3 were intermediate. The genotypes in cluster 5 followed by cluster 6 appeared to be important resources for selecting and developing chickpea variety. Keywords: Chickpea; genotypes; seedling; quality DOI: 10.3329/agric.v8i2.7584 The Agriculturists 8(2): 108-116 (2010)

Effects of Prodiamine on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Rooting

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740
Author(s):  
Sangwook Han ◽  
Thomas W. Fermanian ◽  
Thomas B. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
The Mean

With the increased development of new tall fescue cultivars used in turf, it is important to understand their individual response to herbicide treatment. The effect of prodiamine on tall fescue root dry weight and root length of selected tall fescue cultivars was studied in the greenhouse in 1.3-m-deep pots of calcined clay. Prodiamine at 0.8 kg ai/ha did not significantly affect either root dry weight or root length. However, the mean root dry weight and maximum root length averaged over all cultivars were significantly reduced at 4 wk after treatment with 1.7 kg/ha. When the prodiamine treatments were repeated in a second experiment, both rates caused a significant reduction in the mean root dry weight and maximum root length but there was no significant difference between prodiamine rates. Single degree of freedom contrasts between the untreated and treated turfs for each cultivar had some differential response in root dry weight. The reduction in root dry weight in the prodiamine treatments was more pronounced in the second study because the turf was less mature. ‘Olympic’ and ‘Rebel’ tall fescue had significantly reduced root dry weight at the 1.7 kg/ha rate in first study; whereas, ‘Amigo,’ Olympic, ‘Sundance,’ and ‘Taurus' tall fescue had significant reduction in root dry weight at both 0.8 and 1.7 kg/ha prodiamine rates. ‘Midnight’ Kentucky bluegrass had significantly reduced root length at both prodiamine rates in the second experiment but in general there was little difference among tall fescue cultivars treated with prodiamine.

THE EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD AND NITROGEN ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEEDLINGS OF JACK PINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Giertych ◽  
J. L. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Winter Buds ◽  
Active Root

Nine seed lots of Pinus banksiana Lamb. and one of P. contorta var. latifolia Engelm. were grown for 115 days on five nitrogen levels and two photoperiods. The nitrogen levels were: zero N—no nitrogen, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], 1N—203 p.p.m., and 2N—406 p.p.m. The two photoperiods were a long-night photoperiod (10-hour day) and a broken-night photoperiod (9.5-hour day followed by 0.5-hour light break in the middle of the dark period). The plants, five per vessel, were analyzed for their response to treatments in terms of growth, development, and nitrogen content.(1) The breaking of the night doubled the height, total dry weight, and leaf weight and increased root weight and nitrogen absorption, but it lowered the number of fresh, active root tips, the proportion of the plant in root tissue, and the nitrogen concentration, inhibited production of secondary leaves, and delayed winter bud formation.(2) The increase in nitrogen level in the medium lowered the percentage of fresh, active root tips, the proportion of the plant in root tissue, and the production of winter buds; it increased the content and concentration of nitrogen in the plants. Up to a certain maximum (about [Formula: see text]), it increased the dry weight and height of the plants.(3) The interrelation of growth and developmental stimuli is discussed. It is suggested that growth is an important factor in controlling development.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation for Traits Related to Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Lens Species at the Seedling Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2711
Author(s):  
Vinita Ramtekey ◽  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Muraleedhar S. Aski ◽  
Deepali Kothari ◽  
Akanksha Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Root ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Phosphorus (P) is an essential, non-renewable resource critical for crop productivity across the world. P is immobile in nature and, therefore, the identification of novel genotypes with efficient P uptake and utilization under a low P environment is extremely important. This study was designed to characterize eighty genotypes of different Lens species for shoot and root traits at two contrasting levels of P. A significant reduction in primary root length (PRL), total surface area (TSA), total root tips (TRT), root forks (RF), total dry weight (TDW), root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) in response to P deficiency was recorded. A principal component analysis revealed that the TDW, SDW and RDW were significantly correlated to P uptake and utilization efficiency in lentils. Based on total dry weight (TDW) under low P, L4727, EC718309, EC714238, PL-97, EC718348, DPL15, PL06 and EC718332 were found promising. The characterization of different Lens species revealed species-specific variations for the studied traits. Cultivated lentils exhibited higher P uptake and utilization efficiency as compared to the wild forms. The study, based on four different techniques, identified EC714238 as the most P use-efficient genotype. The genotypes identified in this study can be utilized for developing mapping populations and deciphering the genetics for breeding lentil varieties suited for low P environments.

scholarly journals Trait variations and expression profiling of OsPHT1 gene family at the early growth-stages under phosphorus-limited conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamalai Anandan ◽  
Chidambaranathan Parameswaran ◽  
Anumalla Mahender ◽  
Amaresh Kumar Nayak ◽  
Sampthamprajan Vellaikumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Root

AbstractTo better understand the early response of genotypes to limited-phosphorus (P) conditions and the role of the phosphate transporter OsPHT1 gene family in the presence of PSTOL1, it is essential to characterize the level of tolerance in rice under limited-P conditions. In the present experiment, six rice genotypes were studied in three-way interactions [genotype (G) × phosphorus (P) × duration (D)] by comparing them at two instances (14 d and 28 d) under seven different concentrations of P (0.5‒10.0 ppm) in a hydroponic system. Trait differences and interactions of these traits were clearly distinguished among the various P rates. However, aboveground trait expression registered increased growth from 6.0 to 10.0 ppm of P. The major root-attributed traits in 0.5 ppm of P are significantly increased vis-à-vis 10 ppm of P. Analysis of variance displayed a significant difference between the genotypes for PSTOL1 and PHT1 expression. In low P, maximum root length with a shoot and root dry weight was observed in a new indigenous accession, IC459373, with higher expression of PSTOL1 than in Dular and IR64-Pup1 in 0.5 ppm of P at 14 d. Among the 13 PHT1 genes, OsPT1, OsPT2, OsPT6, and OsPT13 showed significant upregulation in IC459373, Dular, and IR64-Pup1. These results indicated that studying the expression levels of the PSTOL1 and PHT1 gene family at the early growth stages would be helpful in identifying superior donors to improve low-P tolerance and P-use efficiency in rice breeding programs.

scholarly journals Day/Night Temperatures Influence Growth and Photosynthesis During Containerized Production of Selected Species of Helleborus (Hellebores)

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Adam W. Lowder ◽  
Helen T. Kraus ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Stuart L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Abstract Containerized seedlings of Helleborus foetidus L. (stinking hellebore), H. niger L. (Christmas rose), and H. ×hybridus L. (Lenten rose) were grown under long-day conditions in controlled-environment chambers for 95 days with 9-hr days of 14, 18, 22, 26, or 30C (57, 64, 72, 79, or 86F) in factorial combination with 15-hr nights of 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26C (50, 57, 64, 72, or 79F). Long-day conditions were provided by a 3-hr night interruption. Growth of each species responded differently to day and night temperatures. Calculated maximum root, top, and total dry weight, and leaf area of H. foetidus occurred with days/nights of 20/15, 18/13, 19/14, and 18/15C (68/59, 65/55, 66/57, and 65/59F), respectively. While night temperature (NT) had no effect on root:top ratio [RTR (root dry weight ÷ top dry weight)], RTR was greatest (0.65) with days of 22C (72F). Helleborus niger had calculated maximum root dry weight and total dry weight with days of 14C (57F) and nights of 16 and 13C (60 and 55F), respectively. Top growth of H. niger decreased linearly as NTs increased for days of 14 or 22C (57 or 72F). Day temperatures (DTs) had no effect on RTR, whereas RTR responded quadratically as NT increased with a calculated maximum RTR at nights of 19C (66F). Leaf area was maximized at days/nights of 14/10C (57/50F). At days of 22 or 26C (72 or 79F), top growth of H. ×hybridus responded quadratically as NT increased with maxima occurring at nights of 18 or 17C (64 or 63F). Root dry weight responded quadratically at days of 14, 22, or 26C (57, 72, or 79F) and calculated maxima occurred with nights of 18C (64F). At days of 22 or 26C (72 or 79F), there were quadratic responses in total dry weight with calculated maximum growth of H. ×hybridus at nights of 18 or 17C (64 or 63F), respectively. For days of 14, 22, or 30C (57, 72, or 86F), there were quadratic responses in RTR with greatest RTR calculated at nights of 15, 18, or 16C (59, 64, or 60F), respectively. There were quadratic responses at days of 22 or 26C (72 or 79F) for leaf area with calculated maxima at nights of 18 or 17C (64 or 63F), respectively. As DTs increased from 14 to 30C (57 to 86F) net CO2 assimilation (PN) of H. ×hybridus also increased linearly whereas increased NTs had no effect on PN. In contrast, stomatal conductance was not impacted by DT or NT.

scholarly journals Comparison of Early and Conventional Soybean Production Systems for Yield and other Agronomic Traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ouertani Khaled ◽  
Evandrew Washington ◽  
Patricia Lage ◽  
Stella K. Kantartzi ◽  
David A. Lightfoot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Maximum Root

The early soybean production system (ESPS) was reported to be beneficial for yield compared to the conventional soybean production system (CSPS) and is widely used in the Southern USA. The objective of this study was to compare yield, yield components, root traits, and shoot traits in ESPS (April planting) and CSPS (June planting) in NC Sandhills using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, ‘Hartwig’ by ‘Flyer’ (n=92). The population was grown in Spring Lake, NC in 2008 at a density of 16 seeds m-2. The traits measured were days to germination, days to flowering, plant height, seed weight, seed number, pod number, harvest index, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, maximum root length, and lateral root number. The survival rate ranged from 83.7 to 90.22% for ESPS; however, it was 21.74% for CSPS. Significant differences were observed for almost all traits measured in ESPS (April) compared to CSPS (June) apart from fresh root weight and lateral root number. An average increase in flowering time of 9 days was observed in CSPS compared to ESPS. On the other hand, several traits showed a significant mean decrease in CSPS compared to ESPS as plant height by 41.96%, seed weight by 74.7%, harvest index by 73.3%, pod number by 65.2%, and seed number by 64.9%. The means for root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, maximum root length, and lateral root numbers are shown in Table 2 for both ESPS and CSPS. The results indicated an average decrease of 40.4% in root fresh weight, of 70.2% in root dry weight, of 68.1% in shoot fresh weight, of 80.1% in shoot dry weight, and of 83.3% in maximum root length in CSPS compared to ESPS. However, lateral root numbers increased by an average of 12.7% in CSPS compared to ESPS. Therefore, CSPS may not be appropriate for soybean at least in NC Sandhills.

scholarly journals The Effect of Potassium Deficiency on Growth and Physiology in Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] during Early Growth

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1020-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Aijun Zhang ◽  
Xiaoguang Chen ◽  
Rong Jin ◽  
Hongmin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Growth State ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Potassium (K+) is an essential nutrient element for the growth and development of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. To investigate growth and physiological responses to K+ deficiency during early growth stage of sweetpotato, two representative cultivars with different tolerance to K+ deficiency were chosen. The seedlings of ‘Xushu 32’ (tolerance to K+ deficiency) and ‘Ningzishu 1’ (sensitive to K+ deficiency) were cultured in three different K+ concentrations (K0: 0 mmol·L−1 K+; K1: 5 mmol·L−1 K+; and K2: 20 mmol·L−1 K+, the control) of nutrient solution. Results showed that the extreme K+ deficiency (K0) significantly reduced the total dry weight, leaf number, root length, and chlorophyll content (CCI) compared with K2. However, the growth traits of ‘Xushu 32’ were less suppressed than those of ‘Ningzishu 1’. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), and transpiration rate (Tr) of ‘Ningzishu 1’ were significantly decreased in K0 and K1 (low K+), whereas ‘Xushu 32’ showed no significant change in K1 treatment. Increasing minimal fluorensence (F0) of ‘Ningzishu 1’ comes with decreased maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and photochemical quenching (qP) at K0 treatment. However, all the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in ‘Xushu 32’ were nonsignificantly changed by K+ deficiency (K0 and K1). These results suggest that ‘Xushu 32’ could maintain a better growth state to adapt to K+ deficiency stress, which may be mainly because of a lighter affected photosynthesis and a less damaged PSII reaction center.

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document