scholarly journals EFFECT OF MALTODEXTRIN RATIO TO KLUTUK BANANA FRUIT EXTRACT (MUSA BALBISIANA COLLA) COMBINED WITH ITS PSEUDOSTEM EXTRACT ON ANTI-DYSENTERY GRANULE PERFORMANCE AND EFFECTIVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Sri Agung Fitri Kusuma ◽  
Soraya Ratnawulan Mita ◽  
Ratna Fitria Ermawati
Keyword(s):  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Dried Fruit

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the best ratio of maltodextrin and extract concentration on performance of anti-dysentery granule containing Klutuk banana fruit extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) as an effective antimicrobial to treat dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae and combined with its pseudostem extract to supply potassium needed for supporting dehydration impact caused by dysentery.Methods: The dried fruit and pseudostem of the Klutuk banana plant were each extracted by maceration method. Each granule formula was optimized in different ratio of extract and maltodextrin concentration (1:2 (F1); 1:3 (F2); and 1:4 (F3) respectively. Then, the anti-shigellosis granule were formulated using the wet granulation method and evaluated for 30 d. The appearance of the granule, weight variation, loss on drying value, flowability, granule solubility, disintegration time, pH, and anti-dysentery activity of each formula was observed. The potassium content determination of each granule formula was done using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Results: All formulated granules showed good flow properties and antidysentery activity. Concerning to the solubility, maltodextrin addition showed the increasing solubility of all formulated granule. The F3 achieved the best-improved granule characteristic and had good anti-dysentery effectivity, but had the lowest potassium content (0.362 g/l) among all formulas. The potassium content of F1 and F2 were 0.625 g/l and 0.444 g/l, respectively. Conclusion: Maltodextrin can improve the usefulness of granule that containing the Klutuk banana fruit and its pseudostem extracts in dysentery treatment and the dehydration impact.

Formulation and Evaluation of Atenolol and Indapamide SR Matrix Tablets for Treatment of Hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 2450-2458
Author(s):  
Sarika Pundir ◽  
Ashutosh Badola
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Matrix Tablet ◽  
Release Agent ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Weight Variation

In the present study we have formulated (F1 to F6) matrix tablets of atenolol and indapamide for the management of hypertension. As in simultaneous estimation of these drugs it was found that a confined release can be formulated. In the formulation of SR matrix tablet by using different concentration of delayed release agent DCP and pregelatinized starch as disintegrant we prepared tablets by wet granulation method. For sustained release action HPMC polymers were used for film coating. Preformulation studies were performed prior to compression. The compressed SR matrix tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro drug release using USP dissolution apparatus type 2 (paddle). It was found that the optimized formulation showed 49.33%, 48.90%, 48.52%, 47.65%, 46.84% and 46.51% release for atenolol in 12 hours respectively. However, indapamide released 49.62%, 49.39%, 48.72%, 48.27%, 47.59% and 47.36% at the end of 12 hr. The IR spectrum study revealed that there is no disturbance in the principal peaks of pure drugs atenolol and indapamide. This confirms the integrity of pure drugs and no incompatibility of them with excipients. The stability studies were carried out for the optimized batch for one months and it showed satisfactory results. The kinetic studies of the formulations revealed that diffusion is the predominant mechanism of drug and release follows Zero-order, Super case II transport.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Flow and Release Profiles of Ibuprofen Formulations by Increasing the Binder Concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
B.B. Mohammed ◽  
E.J. John ◽  
G.T. Abdulsalam ◽  
K.P. Bahago
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Tablet Dissolution ◽  
Tablet Formulations ◽  
Release Profiles

Background: Tablets must be able to release the active drug in the gastrointestinal tract for absorption. The release profile of solid pharmaceutical dosage formulations can be quantified by assessing the disintegration and dissolution times tests. Binders are adhesives either from sugar or polymeric material that are added to tablet formulations to provide the cohesiveness required for the bonding together of the granules under compaction to form tablets.Objective: The objective of the study was to formulate and assess ibuprofen tablets using different concentrations of binders (Acacia and Gelatin).Methods: The granules were prepared using wet granulation method and analysed for flow properties based on USP/NF protocols. After granule compression, the tablets release profiles were thereafter assessed via the tablet dissolution and disintegration tests.Results: Weight variation, thickness and diameter were within the acceptable values for all batches indicative of a uniform flow. Batches with binder concentrations of 10 % and 20 % failed disintegration test due to a disintegration time above 15 min while the release rate for batches 1 and 4 was about 88 % in 60 min as against the other batches whose release rate was less than 50 % in 60 min as a result of increasing their binder concentrations.Conclusion: The study concluded that increasing the concentration of acacia and gelatin above 5% led to a decrease in percentage of drug released and an increase in disintegration time above 30 mins because 5% batches gave the best release profiles.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRUIT EXTRACTS OF KLUTUK BANANA (MUSA BALBISIANA COLLA) AGAINST SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE ATCC 13313

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriagung Fitri Kusuma ◽  
Soraya R Mita ◽  
Indah Firdayani ◽  
Resmi Mustarichie
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Thin Layer Plate ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Microdilution Method

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of Klutuk Banana (Musa balbisiana colla) fruit extracts against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313 and the amount of potassium to the discovery of anti-dysentery drug candidates.Methods: The simplisia of Klutuk banana fruit was extracted with ethanol using a maceration method. The phytochemical screening of ethanol extract was performed using standard procedures. Determination thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile of the extract was performed using a thin layer plate. The antibacterial activity was investigated using agar well diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by a serial microdilution method, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was done by subculturing the MIC result onto agar medium. Potassium levels of the extract were carried out quantitatively using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results: The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoids, quinones, and saponins. The TLC results prove the existence of flavonoids in the tested extract. The content of secondary metabolites that can act as an antibacterial, strengthen the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Klutuk banana against S. dysenteriae 13313 with MBC values in the range of 5-10%w/v. Potassium levels in the ethanol extract of Klutuk banana fruits contain potassium as much as 2.919% (29 190 ppm).Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Klutuk banana fruits is more potent as antibacterial against S. dysenteriae than as potassium supplier in hypokalemia therapy.

scholarly journals Tablet Formula Optimization From Helminthostachys Zaylanica Extract Using A Simplex Lattice Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Fitrya Fitrya ◽  
Najma Annuria Fithri ◽  
Budi Untari ◽  
Aprililianti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice Design ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Helminthostachys Zeylanica

Helminthostachys zeylanica extract has pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antiinflamatory, and antihyerucemia. This extract is nontoxic substance from the acute and subchronic toxicity tests. This extract has a potency to be formulated into tablet dosage forms. This study aims to optimize a tablet formula from Helminthostachys zeylanica extract. Disintegrant and binder concentrations were independent variables, while physical properties and dissolution time of the tablets were dependent variables. The tablet was prepared by a wet granulation method. Formula was optimized by Simplex Lattice Design. Physicochemical propertiesof granule, physical properties and dissolution of tablet were then analyzed with One Way ANOVA (p = 0.05). Based on granule analysis, specification of physicochemical parameters, such as hausner’s ratio, compressibility index, flowability, repose angle, and water content, met standard British Pharmacopeia. In addition, the starch and PVA concentrations influenced thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution of the tablets (p <0.05), except for friability (p> 0.05). Based on this study, the starch and PVA concentrations for the optimum tablet formula were 19.5% and 1.05%, respectively.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HERBAL TABLETS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Shikha Thakur ◽  
Brisha Bhardwaj ◽  
Shouvik Kumar Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Phosphorus Iron ◽  
Fresh Pulp ◽  
Tapped Density

Tablets are used as formulation and are prepared by using plant extracts i.e., Carica papaya and Embelica officinalis. These tablets were prepared by using wet granulation method. In this article the extract of leaves of Carica papaya and fruits of Embelica officinalis were used for making herbal tablets. Extracts of leaves of Carica papaya was obtained by cold extraction and through maceration method and the extract of fruits of Embelica officinalis was obtained by maceration process. Both extracts were dried and mixed. These extracts were then impregnated with the excipients like diluents, binding agents, super disintegrating agent, lubricants, etc. to make granules. These granules were then evaluated by using various parameters like Angle of repose, tapped density, bulk density, Carr’s Index, Hausner’s Ratio and void volume. These granules were then used for the making of tablets of desired size and shape by punching in the machine. After preparation of the tablets their evaluation parameters were studied like physical appearance, weight variation, friability, disintegration time, hardness test and thickness. Also the parameters for the acceptance of the tablets is also done like flavor and sweetness. Recent studies have shown that herbal extract of leaves of papaya has beneficial effect as an anti-inflammatory agent, for its wound healing properties, anti-tumor as well as Immunomodulatory effects and as an antioxidant. Amla fruit is a rich natural source of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) and contains 600-750 mg/100 g of the fresh pulp. Also it is rich in minerals matters like phosphorus, iron and calcium. Amla is used as an Immunomodulatory agent and hence enhance the immunity of the patient. Aim of the study is to design develop and optimize the dosage form to cure dengue and is based on the use of natural plant ingredients to intermingle with chemical as well as synthetic ingredients to develop an effective unit dosage forms for better patient compliance. KEYWORDS: Papaya, Amla, Extracts, Herbal tablet, Dengue, Immunomodulatory, Platelets.

scholarly journals Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Controlled Release Bilayer Tablets: Optimization of Formulation Variable by Using Dyspnea on Exertion

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Hitesh P. Dalvadi ◽  
Pritesh J. Patel ◽  
Nirmal Vashi ◽  
Arindam Paul
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Bilayer Tablet ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

The current research work was to develop bilayer tablet of venlafaxine hydrochloride to increase drug efficacy for efficient treatment of depression. The satisfactory result of treatment can be achieved upon the maintenance of drug concentration within an effective level in the body, so a uniform and constant drug supply are desirable. An immediate layer of venlafaxine HCl was formulated using super disintegrants, i.e., croscarmellose sodium (CCS) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG); tablet compact by direct compression. HPMC K100M and ethylcellulose (EC) were utilized as release retarding polymers in sustained release layer by wet granulation technique with the help of PVP K30 in IPA solution (10%) as a granulating agent. Full 32 factorial designs were used to find out the optimum quantity of release retardant polymers. Bilayer tablet was evaluated for various parameters, i.e. hardness, friability, weight variation, % drug content, disintegration time (IR layer), and % drug release study. Statically, an analysis was carried out using factor X1 (HPMC K100M) and X2 (EC) for dependent variable % drug release at 8, 12, and 20 hours. A formulation was optimized and a formulation containing 305.36 mg of HPMC K100M and 54.03 mg of ethyl cellulose. Optimized formulation show 47.12 ± 2.1, 59.89 ± 2.2, and 89.06 ± 2.3 drug release at 8, 12, and 20 hours, respectively, which is almost similar to theoretical dose calculation with similarity factor f2 97, 99, and 98%, respectively. Bilayer tablet formulation was observed to be stable and fulfilled all compendia specifications.

scholarly journals Preparation and Evaluation on Paracetamol Tablets Using Goatskin Gelatin as a New Binder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilhadia Zilhadia ◽  
Shoffiya Amaliya ◽  
Yuni Anggraeni ◽  
Vivi Anggia ◽  
Yahdiana Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Level ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Granulation Process ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Bovine Gelatin ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation ◽  
Test Result

Abstract Halal gelatin extracted from goatskin could be used as a new excipient in pharmaceutical dosage forms. This study was to determine the potency of gelatin extracted from goatskin as a binder on paracetamol tablets using wet granulation process with 2, 3 and 4% concentration ranges. As a comparison, tablets were formulated using bovine gelatin at the same concentration level. The results showed that weight variation, thickness uniformity and hardness value have met the requirements. Here, the paracetamol tablets using goatskin gelatin as a binder had better friability value, faster disintegration time and easier dissolution than the comparison (p < 0.05). Comparative test result showed increasing the concentration of gelatine caused the hardness value to go up, the disintegration time to take longer, and the tablet friability value to decrease (p < 0.05). The best tablets were produced with the 3% concentration of goatskin gelatine with the following evaluation results: the hardness value of 15.07 ± 0.67 Kp, the disintegration time of 3.71 ± 1.00 minutes and the friability value of 0.62% ± 0.89 respectively. The concentration of paracetamol in the 30th-minute dissolution test was equal to 99.78 ± 0.94%. The goatskin gelatin was very promising as a good binder using the wet granulation process.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Stability Studies of Tablet Containing A Mixture of Sonchus Arvensis L Leaves Extract and Lumbricus rubellus Powder

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syukri Y. ◽  
Anshory H. ◽  
Romadhonsyah F.
Keyword(s):  
Physical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Lumbricus Rubellus ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

The aim of this study was to determine the physical and chemical stabilities of tablets containing Sonchus arvensis L leaves extract and Lumbricus rubellus. The tablets were produced by wet granulation process. The stability test was observed during a 3-month accelerated stability under 40 ± 2ºC and 75 ± 5% RH storage conditions. The tablets were evaluated every month for the physical properties include organoleptic, weight variation, friability, hardness, and disintegration time, while the chemical properties of the tablets include Rf value, and spotting profile was examined using TLC-Densitometry. The result of the physical stability test up to the third month showed that the tablets of Sonchus arvensis leaves extract and Lumbricus rubellus met the requirements of Indonesian Pharmacopeia 5th and United State Pharmacopeia 32. The qualitative chemical property stability test on the tablets also demonstrated that luteolin as a marker compound remained stable in the tablets after three months of storage in an accelerated condition. Conclusion, the formulation of a tablet containing Sonchus arvensis leaves extract and Lumbricus rubellus stable after this stability studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Varying Drying Temperature on the Soluble Sugar and Nutritional Content of Banana

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
E.E Alagbe ◽  
Y.S Amlabu ◽  
E.O Daniel ◽  
M.E Ojewumi
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Almost All

Aims: In this work, the effect of drying temperature on the available carbohydrate is investigated. Background: Nigerian climate favours the cultivation of banana and it is a ready fruit delight in almost all homes. Hybrids and polypoids of the species musa acuminata and musa balbisiana are very common. Unfortunately, post-harvest losses of 40 – 60%, of this energy rich fruit are encountered yearly. Drying is an age long method of preservation which has stood the test of time. Bananas are known to possess high carbohydrates with low glycaemic index which makes it a healthy fruit or snack. Objective: To determine the optimum drying temperature for the drying of Banana fruit. Methods: The banana fruit was peeled and sliced to about 5 mm thick and dried in a tray dryer at varying temperatures of 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C. The control sample was air dried at the average prevailing temperature of 30 °C. Results: Results obtained showed that increased drying temperature favoured more loss of moisture from the samples and in turn, favoured an increase in the available carbohydrate in the dried fruit. The ash, fat and crude fibre content marginally changed with drying temperature. Conclusion: The optimum temperature for treated and untreated samples, from the results obtained, were 60 °C and 70 °C respectively. Drying impacts positively on the available sugar in the Banana fruit.

scholarly journals Development of the Modified Ocimum gratissimum Seeds for Orally Disintegrating Tablets

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen N.T. Dang ◽  
Phuong H.L. Tran ◽  
Thao T.D. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Orally Disintegrating Tablets ◽  
Wetting Time

Background: Natural materials have been encouraged in controlled drug release and improved drug bioavailability. Objective: This study aimed to develop a modification process for the use of a natural material, Ocimum gratissimum seeds (OGS), in Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODTs). Methods: The OGS was investigated with four different modification processes including only milling, swelling, swelling/milling, and swelling/milling/incubation. The ODTs containing the modified OGS as a disintegrant were prepared by the wet granulation method. Furthermore, an evaluation to assess parameters of tablets, such as weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, disintegration time, drug content, and dissolution studies, was performed. Results: The modification of OGS using the swelling/ milling process resulted in a completion of OGS modification, leading to an ideal wetting time, disintegrating time, and dissolution rate. The OGS concentrations also affected the wetting and disintegrating time with the optimal range of ODTs from 15% to 20%. On the other hand, the modification with the incubation processes varied by temperature and time increased the wetting time and disintegrating time. Conclusions: The modified OGS demonstrated that it is a potential material with the advantages of cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity and easy manufacture in the preparation of ODTs.

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