scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Batang Tumbuhan Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia Pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) Terhadap Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Dan Staphylococcus Aureus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardianti Febriana
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Tetracycline Hcl ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

AbstrakTumbuhan sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) secara empiris digunakan sebagai obat yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Namun, belum pernah diteliti mengenai aktivitas antibakteri tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri umbi batang sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) terhadap bakteri Gram negatif dan Gram positif yaitu Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus, menentukan konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum (KHTM), dan nilai banding ak- tivitas antibakterinya terhadap tetrasiklin-HCl. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri umbi batang sarang semut menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak umbi batang sarang semut memiliki ak- tivitas antibakteri terhadap kedua bakteri tersebut. Konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum (KHTM) ekstrak umbi batang sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa terletak pada konsentrasi 0,83 % , sedangkan pada Staph- ylococcus aureus terletak pada konsentrasi 0,8 %. Hasil uji banding ekstrak umbi batang sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) dengan tetrasiklin-HCl terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus berturut-turut sebesar 1 : 6,709 x 10-4 dan 1 : 1,038 x 10-5. Penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak umbi batang sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) mengandung flavonoid dan polifenol.Kata kunci: Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry, Aktivitas antibakteri, Pseudomo- nas, StaphylococcusABSTRACTThe ant plant (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) is one of plant applied as tradi- tional medicine. Empirically, the tuber of the ant plant have antibacterial activity. However, the examination of antimicrobial activity from extract of the tuber has never been reported. The research was done to know the activity of antimcrobial againts Gram positive and Gram negatif bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the tuber, and comparative value antibacterial activity with tetracycline-HCl. The result revealed that the tuber of the ant plant (Myrmeco-dia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) has antibacterial activity againts those bacteria. The Min- imum Inhibitory Concentration of extract from the tuber of ant plant to Pseudomonas aeru- ginosa was in range 8,2x103-8,3x103 ppm of concentration, and to Staphylococcus aureus was in range 7,5x103-8x103 ppm of concentration. Comparative value of extract from the tuber of ant plant with tetracycline-HCl againts Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococ- cus aureus were respective 1:.6.709 x 10-4 and :1.038 x 10-5. Phytochemical screening showed that the extract of the tuber contains flavonoid and polifenol.Keywords: Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry, Antibacterial activity, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus

In-Vitro Studies on the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to Some Ethno-Medicinal Preparations Sold around Kano, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bashir ◽  
I Yusuf ◽  
AS Kutama
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Herbal Preparations

Five traditional herbal preparations were sampled between May-June, 2009 in Kano. The samples were investigated for invitro antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Likewise, phytochemical screening tests were conducted to determine some of the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic and water extracts of the samples. Various concentrations of the extracts were prepared using serial doubling dilutions (5000=l/ml, 2500=g/ml, 1250=g/ml, 625=g/ml and 312.5=g/ml). All the test extracts showed slight antibacterial activity against the test organism, with ethanolic extract of sample E having the highest zone diameter of inhibition, while sample H had the lowest diameter of inhibition. The standard antibiotic disc (Gentamicin) had demonstrated the highest activity on the test organisms. The results of the Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroid in all the samples, tannin in samples A, C, D and E, reducing sugars in sample A, D and E respectively. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be above 312.5=g/ml for samples C, D and E. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Herbal preparations, antibacterial activity, Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentration.

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screening and susceptibility of bacteria pathogens to whole extract of evolvulus alsinoides (L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
BA Omogbai ◽  
FA Eze
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Evolvulus Alsinoides ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Context: Plant based antimicrobial represent a vast untapped source for medicines and further exploration of plant antimicrobial neeto occur. Evolvulus alsinoides (L) (Convolvulaceae) is a perennial herb is used in traditional medicine in East Asia, India, Africa and Philippines to cure fever, cough, cold, venereal diseases, azoospermia, adenitis and dementia.   Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of E. alsinoides on some clinical microbial isolates.   Materials and Methods: The ed thanolic and aqueous extracts of the whole plant (leaves and twigs) were analysed for alkanoids, tannins, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, volatile oil and resins. The determination of antibacterial activity was done using the agar well diffusion technique. Pure cultures of pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus leutus, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were used for antibacterial activity assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).   Results: The ethanolic extract of the plant had MIC values ranging from 16 mg/ml to 512.5 mg/ml. The least MIC was 16mg-ml against Salmonella typhi while Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest MIC of 512.5 mg-ml. In the aqueous extract the MIC ranged between 512.5 to >1025 mg/ml. Salmonella typhi, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were not inhibited by the water extract. Phytochemical result showed ethanol to be a better solvent for the extraction of the bioactive agents in this plant which include: glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and volatile oil.   Conclusion: In this study the gram-negative organisms had the lowest MICs and MBCs. This suggests their higher susceptibility to the extract of this plant. On the basis of the result obtained in this investigation it can be concluded that ethanol extract of Evolvulus alsinoides had significant in vitro broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.   Keywords: Evolvulus alsinoides; Phytochemical screening; Antibacterial activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8769 JBS 2010; 18(0): 16-20

scholarly journals Potential Antibacterial Activity of Two Important Local Chewing Sticks “Fagara zanthoxyloides and Distemonanthus benthamianus” along with Antioxidant Capacities

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
AO Shittu ◽  
A Aliyu ◽  
MS David ◽  
NS Njinga ◽  
HI Ishaq
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Chewing Sticks

In order to authenticate and ascertain the various claim by the rural dwellers that depend on chewing sticks for their oral hygiene and protection against innumerable diseases, the antibacterial activity of the roots of Fagara zanthoxyloides and Distemonanthus benthamianus were evaluated. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. In-vitro antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts of both plants was also carried out using the agar well diffusion method against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhii ATCC 14028, Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090 and also some clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis at different concentrations and ratios. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the extracts contained alkaloids, saponin, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and phenol. All the test microorganisms were susceptible to the inhibitory effect of the extracts at concentrations of 200 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml. F. zanthoxyloides had better antimicrobial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 21.0 to 26.0 mm at 200 mg/ml and 24.3 to 29.3 mm at 500 mg/ml while D. benthamianus had zones of inhibition ranging from 17.7 to 26.7 mm at 200 mg/mL and 19.0 to 26.7 mm at 500 mg/mL. Some of the test microorganisms were resistant to the standard antibiotics (cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamicin). Combinations of the extracts in ratios 50:50 and 75:25 yielded no increase in activity. The MIC and MBC for D. benthamianus ranged from 6.25 mg/ml to 100 mg/mL and 25 to 200 mg/ml, respectively while that of F. zanthoxyloides ranged from 1.56 mg/ml to 12.5 mg/mL and 50 to 200 mg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial activity demonstrated by F. zanthoxyloides and D. benthamianus indicates that they would be valuable in the management of urinary, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts infections while at the same time helping to mitigate the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Phenolic compounds of plants, among them flavonoids are the chief constituents, which have potent antioxidant activities Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 223-232, 2019 (December)

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Murrayaquinone A and 6-Methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-carbazole-1,4(9H)-dione

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswanath Chakraborty ◽  
Suchandra Chakraborty ◽  
Chandan Saha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Naturally Occurring

The antibacterial activity of Murrayaquinone A (10), a naturally occurring carbazoloquinone alkaloid, and 6-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-carbazole-1,4(9H)-dione (11), a synthetic carbazoloquinone, both obtained during the development of the synthesis of Carbazomycin G, having unique quinone moiety, was studied against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilisandStaphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coliandPseudomonassp.) bacteria. Compound10showed antibacterial activities against both ofEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureuswhereas compound11indicated the activity againstStaphylococcus aureusonly. Both compounds10and11exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 μg mL−1againstStaphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF MANGIFERA INDICA ETHANOL AND AQUEOUS LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
M. A. Garga ◽  
U. M. Garasin ◽  
M. Abdullahi ◽  
B. A. Muhammed ◽  
A. Yakubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The aim of this research is to investigate the antibacterial activity and identify the phytochemical constituents of Mangifera indica leafs on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus using disc diffusion method. The sample was collected fresh from the premises of Bioresources Development Center (BIODEC), Katsina, Katsina State and was dried and pounded into powder. The powdered leaves were extracted using ethanol and aqueous solvents. Various concentrations ranging from 500mg to 62.5mg were prepared. Test isolates were obtained from the Microbiology laboratory, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina (UMYUK) and were further authenticated using Gram staining and biochemical test. The bacterial inoculums were standardized to McFarland scale 0.5. Zones of inhibition were read after 24 hours at 370C. The results of the antibacterial study revealed that the ethanolic leaves extracts at 500mg/ml had effect on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus with zones of inhibition of 12mm and 6mm respectively. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and phenols where only alkaloids was found to be absent in the aqueous extract. There is no significant difference between the solvents and various concentrations used base on t-test data analysis.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from leaves of native Moroccan plants against clinical bacterial isolates

10.3823/819 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima El Malki ◽  
Kamal Eddaraji ◽  
Rajae Alloudane ◽  
Hassane Greche ◽  
Haiat Essalmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Introduction: Medicinal plants are plentiful of bioactive molecules effective against multi-resistance bacteria. The aims of this study were to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from three Moroccan aromatic plants. Methodology: Analysis of essential oils of Origanum compactum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Pelargonium asperum, collected from different localities in Morocco, were performed using a GC-MS spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro for five clinical multi-resistant isolates. Results: Origanum showed strong antibacterial activity against tested strains except Pseudomonas aeruginosa while Rosmarinum showed a bactericidal effect against Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Pelargonium presented only slight growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus on solid medium, but provided bactericidal effect against Acinetobacter baumanii and Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, fractions F7 and F8 of Pelargonium which represented only 0.3% and 0.1% of the total mass were found bactericidal respectively against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions: Ours results showed that the antimicrobial activities were variables depending on the chemical composition of essential oils, the fraction used and the microorganism tested.Essential oils fractionation allows detection of bioactive substances, especially those owning antimicrobial activity, present in small quantities.

Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves Extracts of Tamarindus indica L. (Magyee)

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

This study aimed to determine antimicrobial activity of extracts of Tamarindus indica L. leaves (Magyee). It was the laboratory-based quasi experimental study design. Study sites were the University of Pharmacy (Mandalay and Yangon) and the Department of Medical Research (Yangon). The leaves of Tamarindus indica L. were extracted with petroleum ether, ethanol and distilled water by successive Soxhlet extraction method. Physicochemical and phytochemical studies were conducted according to reference analytical procedures. In vitro antimicrobial activity of three extracts of Tamarindus indica L. leaves were studied on control strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae) by agar disc diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis of Tamarindus indica L. leaves showed the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenol, starches, steroids/terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars and anthroquinone. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts possessed promising antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This was an important finding upon pathogenic organisms causing food-borne diseases, skin and soft tissue infection. The petroleum ether extract did not show antibacterial activity against all tested organisms. With ethanolic extracts, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) results were 6.25 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and 25 mg/ml for E. coli. For aqueous extracts, the MIC of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were 12.5 mg/ml and K. pneumoniae was 25 mg/ml, respectively. Oral acute administration of 5000 mg/kg mice body weight of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Tamarindus indica L. leaves resulted in no mortality. Therefore, the crude extracts from Tamarindus indica L. leaves had antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Three Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectants on Different Germs Isolated from the Hospital Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amal Ramzi ◽  
Bouchra Oumokhtar ◽  
Yassine Ez zoubi ◽  
Touria Filali Mouatassem ◽  
Moussa Benboubker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Background. The microbiological risk of the hospital environment, including inert surfaces, medical devices, and equipment, represents a real problem. Objective. This study is aimed at demonstrating and assessing the antibacterial activity of three synthetic disinfectants classified as quaternary ammoniums on different bacterial strains (Gram-negative and Gram-positive like Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from the hospital environment. The reference strains included Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 used as negative control strains. Method. Three quaternary ammonium disinfectants were tested: DDN9® (0.5%) which contains didecylmethylpolyoxyethylammonium propionate as an active substance, spray (0.4%) containing quaternary ammonium compounds, and Phagosurf ND® (0.4%) with didecyldimethylammonium chloride. Their effect was evaluated using the disk diffusion technique and the broth dilution methods, allowing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and then the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Result. Only the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some strains of Gram-negative bacteria were inhibited by the three synthetic disinfectants. NDD9® demonstrated an antibacterial effect only against the Gram-positive strains (S. aureus and S. aureus ATCC 29213) with a MIC of 0.25 mg/ml. The disinfectant spray showed effect against all four strains including E. coli (9), S. aureus, E. coli ATCC 25922, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 with an inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/ml, while the growth of S. aureus ATCC 29213 was inhibited at 2 mg/ml. The third disinfectant, Phagosurf ND®, inhibited only the growth of S. aureus ATCC 29213 at a MIC of 4 mg/ml. Conclusion. This study is the first here in Morocco to evaluate the bacterial activity of products intended for the control of the healthcare environment. The results obtained on the three disinfectants tested reveal an ineffectiveness against some isolated strains from the hospital environment.

scholarly journals THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF WATER APPLE LEAVES ACTIVE COMPOUND (Syzygium zeylanicum) AGAINST Escherichia coli AND Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidah ◽  
Salni ◽  
Nina Tanzerina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Escherichia coli is one of the bacteria that cause infections in the human digestive tract such as diarrhea, while Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria that cause infections in the skin injury such as boils and pimples. This study used Syzygium zeylanicum leaves because it has potential as a antibacterial because it contains active compounds. This study aimed was determine the antibacterial activity of the fraction and the active compound in Syzygium zeylanicum leaves against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Research conducted on November 2015 to January 2016. The method used in this research were extraction by maceration, fractionation by liquid fractionation, antibacterial activity test, and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration with the diffusion method and isolation of active compounds by column chromatography method. The bacteria used in this test are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Data are presented in tabular form based on the average value of the inhibition diameter and deviation standard. The results of this research showed the water methanol active fraction against the bacteria that used in this test. The methanol water fraction had obtained one antibacterial compound in bottle 1,3,5 which shows the value of tannin Rf 0,416. The minimum inhibitory concentration of water methanol of water apple leaves is 1000 µg/mL for Escherichia coli and 500 µg/mL for  Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum  inhibitory concentration of the active  compound  to  Escherichia  coli  and  Staphylococcus  aureus  in  500  µg/mL.  The fraction and the active compound of water apple leaves have an antibacterial activity with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the active compound is tannin.

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