Math Model of Neuron and Nervous System Research Based on AI Constructor Creating Virtual Neural Circuits

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinat Galiautdinov ◽  
Vardan Mkrttchian
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
System Research ◽  
Math Model ◽  
Elementary Basis

The research describes the mathematical modeling of a neuron and the possibility of its technical implementation. Unlike existing technical devices for implementing a neuron based on classical nodes oriented to binary processing, the proposed path is based on bit-parallel processing of numerical data (synapses) for obtaining result. The proposed approach of implementing a neuron can serve as a new elementary basis for the construction of neuron-based computers with a higher processing speed of biological information and good survivability. The research demonstrates the developed nervous circuit constructor and its usage in building of the nervous circuits of biological creatures and simulation of their work.

Biological Neural Circuits as Applications in Business and Engineering as a New Approach in Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-74
Author(s):  
Rinat Galiautdinov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Elementary Basis

The chapter describes the new approach in artificial intelligence based on simulated biological neurons and created neural circuits which represent the next generation of computing systems and artificial intelligence for business applications. Unlike existing technical devices for implementing a neuron based on classical nodes oriented to binary processing, the proposed path is based on bit-parallel processing of numerical data (synapses) for obtaining result. The proposed approach of implementation a neuron can serve as a new elementary basis for the construction of neuron-based computers with a higher processing speed of biological information and good survivability. The research demonstrates the developed nervous circuit constructor and its usage in building of the nervous circuits of biological creatures and simulation of their work and how it could be used in the next generation of the computing systems.

Design of Nano-Scale Devices Affecting Synapses

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Rinat Galiautdinov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Elementary Basis ◽  
General Architecture

The research describes the nano scale devices, their general architecture, and how they affect the synapses. Such devices, based on the new approach in artificial intelligence, will play a significant role in many spheres. The research also describes the architecture of the programming neuron built on the basis of a biological one. Unlike existing technical devices for implementing a neuron based on classical nodes oriented to binary processing, the proposed path is based on bit-parallel processing of numerical data (synapses) for obtaining result. The proposed approach of implementing a neuron can serve as a new elementary basis for the construction of neuron-based computers with a higher processing speed of biological information and good survivability.

scholarly journals Neurons interact with the microbiome: an evolutionary-informed perspective

Neuroforum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Giez ◽  
Alexander Klimovich ◽  
Thomas C. G. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Strategic Model ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
And Function

Abstract Animals have evolved within the framework of microbes and are constantly exposed to diverse microbiota. Microbes colonize most, if not all, animal epithelia and influence the activity of many organs, including the nervous system. Therefore, any consideration on nervous system development and function in the absence of the recognition of microbes will be incomplete. Here, we review the current knowledge on the nervous systems of Hydra and its role in the host–microbiome communication. We show that recent advances in molecular and imaging methods are allowing a comprehensive understanding of the capacity of such a seemingly simple nervous system in the context of the metaorganism. We propose that the development, function and evolution of neural circuits must be considered in the context of host–microbe interactions and present Hydra as a strategic model system with great basic and translational relevance for neuroscience.

scholarly journals Features of formation of the functional state of the central nervous system and cognitive abilities in children and adolescents of the school age

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
E. V. Bulycheva ◽  
O. M. Zhdanova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
General Education ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Objective: The objective is to determine the features of formation of the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) and cognitive abilities in children and adolescents of the school age.Methods: The study included 300 school children of general education institution of Orenburg. Functional state of CNS was evaluated with variational chronoreflexometry. Cognitive availabilities have been studied with proof-reading test, Landolt ring.Results: From 7–11 y.o. to 16–17 y.o., there was an increase by 1.5 times in parameters of CNS functional state. Students aged from 7–11 y.o. by 12–15 y.o. demonstrated decrease in processing speed by 1.5 times due to increase of cognitive activity to 1.8 times. From 12–15 y.o. by 16–17 y.o., on the contrary, there was an increase of information processing speed by 1.3 times and decrease of cognitive activity by 2.9 times.Conclusions: The detected features of formation of CNS functional state and cognitive abilities in children and adolescents can be taken into account in when organizing personality-oriented training in educational institutions in order to maintain and increase the level of mental performance and academic performance of students. 

scholarly journals Function Prediction from Protein Primary Structure using Deep Learning LSTM Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 4355-4359
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Function Prediction ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
Protein Primary Structure ◽  
And Function

Biological information of protein primary structure is responsible for finding the protein function, extracting features and function of a protein in the biology lab is challenging and time-consuming. Identification of protein function provides essential information for the treatment of various diseases and drug design. Therefore, extracting the protein knowledge from primary structure alone has been a diverse field in the study of bioinformatics data mining and computational biology. This study aimed to function prediction of protein primary structure using the LSTM methods. PRNP(prion protein )most of the nervous system tissues express by prion protein, this is generally to protease-resistant from disease, due to this reasons, the human codon PRNP is most closely associated with Alzheimer disease. The PRNP protein data trained with Hemo sapiens PRNP selection, classification was implemented with network layer perceptron. The learning algorithms are frame by the nervous system. The training results observation indicate that the learning success of prion protein classification leads positively.

scholarly journals Neural Changes Underlying Rapid Fly Song Evolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Ding ◽  
Joshua L. Lillvis ◽  
Jessica Cande ◽  
Gordon J. Berman ◽  
Benjamin J. Arthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Courtship Song ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Song Types ◽  
Behavioural Diversity

AbstractThe neural basis for behavioural evolution is poorly understood. Functional comparisons of homologous neurons may reveal how neural circuitry contributes to behavioural evolution, but homologous neurons cannot be identified and manipulated in most taxa. Here, we compare the function of homologous courtship song neurons by exporting neurogenetic reagents that label identified neurons in Drosophila melanogaster to D. yakuba. We found a conserved role for a cluster of brain neurons that establish a persistent courtship state. In contrast, a descending neuron with conserved electrophysiological properties drives different song types in each species. Our results suggest that song evolved, in part, due to changes in the neural circuitry downstream of this descending neuron. This experimental approach can be generalized to other neural circuits and therefore provides an experimental framework for studying how the nervous system has evolved to generate behavioural diversity.

Nervous System Research with RIP Conjugates

2014 ◽  
pp. 253-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Lappi ◽  
Jack Feldman ◽  
Dale Sengelaub ◽  
Jill McGaughy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
System Research

scholarly journals Serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor affects cell–matrix adhesion and the formation and maintenance of stress fibers in HEK293 cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Anand Kumar John Jayakumar ◽  
Mitradas. M. Panicker ◽  
Basudha Basu
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Stress Fibers ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Matrix Adhesion ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Cell Matrix Adhesion ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Serotonin 2A ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract5-HT2A, a G-protein coupled receptor, is widely expressed in the human body, including in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets and the nervous system. It mediates various functions, for e.g. learning, memory, mood regulation, platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, but its involvement in cell-adhesion remains largely unknown. Here we report a novel role for 5-HT2A in cell–matrix adhesion.In HEK293 cells, which are loosely adherent, expression and stimulation of human or rat 5-HT2A receptor by agonists such as serotonin or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) led to a significant increase in adhesion, while inhibition of 5-HT2A by antipsychotics, such as risperidone, olanzapine or chlorpromazine prevented it. 5-HT2A activation gave rise to stress fibers in these cells and was also required for their maintenance. Mechanistically, the 5-HT2A-mediated adhesion was mediated by downstream PKC and Rho signaling. Since 5-HT2A is associated with many disorders such as dementia, depression and schizophrenia, its role in cell–matrix adhesion could have implications for neural circuits.

scholarly journals Odorant Receptors Signaling Instructs the Development and Plasticity of the Glomerular Map

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Valle-Leija
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Olfactory Information ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

The olfactory system provides a great opportunity to explore the mechanisms that underlie the formation and function of neural circuits because of the simplicity of its structure. Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) located in the peripheral olfactory epithelium (OE) take part in the initial formation and function of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (OB) inside the central nervous system. Glomeruli are key in the process of transduction of olfactory information, as they constitute a map in the OB that sorts the different types of odorant inputs. This odorant categorization allows proper olfactory perception, and it is achieved through the anatomical organization and function of the different glomerular circuits. Once formed, glomeruli keep the capacity to undergo diverse plasticity processes, which is unique among the different neural circuits of the central nervous system. In this context, through the expression and function of the odorant receptors (ORs), OSNs perform two of the most important roles in the olfactory system: transducing odorant information to the nervous system and initiating the development of the glomerular map to organize olfactory information. This review addresses essential information that has emerged in recent years about the molecular basis of these processes.

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