Induction and Concept Combination

In this work we describe preferential Description Logics of typicality, a nonmonotonic extension of standard Description Logics by means of a typicality operator T allowing to extend a knowledge base with inclusions of the form T(C) ⊑ D, whose intuitive meaning is that “normally/typically Cs are also Ds”. This extension is based on a minimal model semantics corresponding to a notion of rational closure, built upon preferential models. We recall the basic concepts underlying preferential Description Logics. We also present two extensions of the preferential semantics: on the one hand, we consider probabilistic extensions, based on a distributed semantics that is suitable for tackling the problem of commonsense concept combination, on the other hand, we consider other strengthening of the rational closure semantics and construction to avoid the so called “blocking of property inheritance problem”.

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Varia: On distinguishing between the predicative and the subject complement

Proglas ◽

10.54664/qcvl1880 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Nedev ◽

Keyword(s):

Lexical Meaning ◽

Verbal Predicate ◽

Concept Combination ◽

The Subject

In this article we review the current concepts of the Compound Nominal Predicate and the combinations of the Verbal Predicate and the Subject Complement. There are several aspects that need further investigation. We suggest that the combinations of verbs with diminished lexical meaning and a nominal, describing a property of the subject, be removed from the concept of Compound Nominal Predicate and included into a new concept: “Combination of Verbal Predicate and Subject Complement”. Thus the term “Compound Nominal Predicate” will be reserved for combinations of the verb “sam” (resp. its synonyms “bada”, „bivam”, “predstavliavam”, “sastavliavam” and “iaviavam se”) and a nominal describing the entity denoted by the subject of the sentence. In all other instances of a verb and a nominal, describing the subject of the sentence, they will be considered a Verbal Predicate and a Subject Complement, which are secondary parts of the sentence.

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Іnnovations in Modern Ukrainian Maritime Terminology

Terminological Bulletin ◽

10.37919/2221-8807-2019-5-37 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 268-273

Author(s):

Alla Varynska ◽

Nataliya Kornodudova

Keyword(s):

Maritime Industry ◽

Literary Language ◽

Active Process ◽

New Concepts ◽

The World ◽

Concept Combination ◽

General Linguistic ◽

World Maritime

Maritime terminology of the modern Ukrainian literary language nowadays is at the stage of intensive dynamics. This process is caused by development of the world maritime industry. It is accompanied by occurrence of terms – neologisms. This article is of high priority because there is no systemic and well-grounded research of innovations in modern Ukrainian maritime terminology. It is focused on the factors due to which new formations in modern Ukrainian maritime terminology are created; processes of occurrence of innovations at the level of research of general-linguistic and individual author’s neologisms are highlighted. The research describes and considers by examples the innovative processes which cause the occurrence of new abbreviated formations. They help to recreate terminological meaning of complicated maritime names, concepts and expressions to make it clear and precisely. This article also investigates metaphorical innovations which are actively applied in maritime terminology and are the key to understanding of many concepts. Special attention is paid to innovations which have arisen due to borrowings as a consequence of contacts between nations or indirectly through other languages. Active process of innovations is also promoted by the terms – word-combinations which reflect the meaning of new concepts of maritime industry. They are formed as a result of several words reflecting a certain terminological concept combination. Innovations in the modern Ukrainian maritime terminology promote to development of the modern Ukrainian literary language proving its mobility and consistency.

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