Soliton, Breather-Like and Dark-Soliton-Breather-Like Solutions for the Coupled Long-Wave-Short-Wave System

In this paper, we will obtain the exact $N$-soliton solution of the coupled long-wave-short-wave system via the developed Hirota bilinear method. Through manipulating the relevant parameters, we will construct different types of solutions which include breather-like solutions and dark-soliton-breather-like solutions. Moreover, we will demonstrate that the interactions of two-soliton and two-breather-like solutions are all elastic through asymptotic analysis method. Finally, we will display the interactions through illustrations.PACS 05.45.Yv; 02.30.Ik; 42.81.Dp

Exact solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation

In this paper, we study exact solutions of the (3[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation. We employ the Hirota bilinear method to obtain the multi-solitary wave solutions, soliton resonant solutions, periodic solutions and interactional solutions and periodic resonant solutions. The corresponding asymptotic features and images are also clearly given.

Interaction among a lump, periodic waves, and kink solutions to the KP-BBM equation

The Hirota bilinear method is prepared for searching the diverse soliton solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (KP-BBM) equation. Also, the Hirota bilinear method is used to find the lump and interaction with two stripe soliton solutions. Interaction among lumps, periodic waves, and one-kink soliton solutions are investigated. Also, the solitary wave, periodic wave, and cross-kink wave solutions are examined for the KP-BBM equation. The graphs for various parameters are plotted to contain a 3D plot, contour plot, density plot, and 2D plot. We construct the exact lump and interaction among other types of solutions, by solving the underdetermined nonlinear system of algebraic equations with the associated parameters. Finally, analysis and graphical simulation are presented to show the dynamical characteristics of our solutions, and the interaction behaviors are revealed. The existing conditions are employed to discuss the available got solutions.

Integrability and Multisoliton Solutions of the Reverse Space or/and Time Nonlocal Fokas-Lenells (FL) Equation

This paper studies reverse space or/and time nonlocal Fokas-Lenells (FL) equation, which describes the propagation of nonlinear light pulses in monomode optical fibers when certain higher-order nonlinear effects are considered, by Hirota bilinear method. Firstly, variable transformations from reverse space nonlocal FL equation to reverse time and reverse space-time nonlocal FL equations are constructed. Secondly, the one-, two- and three-soliton solutions of the reverse space nonlocal FL equation are derived through Hirota bilinear method, and the soliton solutions of reverse time and reverse space-time nonlocal FL equations are given through variable transformations. Dynamical behaviors of the multisoliton solutions are discussed in detail by analyzing their wave structures. Thirdly, asymptotic analysis of two- and three-soliton solutions of reverse space nonlocal FL equation is used to investigated the elastic interaction and inelastic interaction. At last, the Lax integrability and conservation laws of three types of nonlocal FL equations is studied. The results obtained in this paper possess new properties that different from the ones for FL equation, which are useful in exploring novel physical phenomena of nonlocal systems in nonlinear media.

Y-shaped soliton solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional bidirectional Sawada–Kotera equation

On the basis of the Hirota bilinear method, resonance Y-shaped soliton and its interaction with other localized waves of (2+1)-dimensional bidirectional Sawada–Kotera equation are derived by introducing the constraint conditions. These types of mixed soliton solutions exhibit complex interaction phenomenon between the resonance Y-shaped solitons and line waves, breather waves, and high-order lump waves. The dynamic behaviors of the interaction solutions are analyzed and illustrated.

Lump solutions to a generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Ito equation

A (2+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Ito equation is introduced. Upon adding some second-order derivative terms, its various lump solutions are explicitly constructed by utilizing the Hirota bilinear method and calculated through the symbolic computation system Maple. Furthermore, two specific lump solutions are obtained with particular choices of the parameters and their dynamical behaviors are analyzed through three-dimensional plots and contour plots.

High-order breathers and semi-rational solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Yu–Toda–Sasa–Fukuyama equation

In this paper, based on the Hirota bilinear method, the high-order breathers and interaction solutions between solitons and breathers of the (2+1)-dimensional Yu–Toda–Sasa–Fukuyama equation are investigated. The lump and semi-rational solutions are obtained by applying the long wave limit of the [Formula: see text]-soliton solution. Two types of semi-rational solutions are derived by choosing specific parameters, which are the mixture of the lump solution and solitons, and the mixture of the lump solution and breathers. Furthermore, the time evolution diagram illustrate the dynamic behavior of these solutions.

New Breather and Multiple-Wave Soliton Dynamics for Generalized Vakhnenko-Parkes Equation with Variable Coefficients

In investigation is the generalized Vakhnenko--Parkes equation (GVPE) with time-dependent coefficients. GVPE is a new nonlinear model connecting to high-frequency wave propagation in relaxing media with variable perturbations. An extended Hirota bilinear method is proposed to construct soliton, breather and multiple-wave soliton solutions. The soliton solutions can degenerate into existing single soliton solutions. The breather and multiple-wave soliton solutions are first obtained. By utilizing the two free functions involved in the solutions, the dynamics of some novel excited breathers and multiple-wave solitons are demonstrated.

Localized interaction solution and its dynamics of the extended Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation

In this research, we will introduce and study the localized interaction solutions and th eir dynamics of the extended Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation (HSIe), which plays a key role in studying certain complex physical phenomena. By using the Hirota bilinear method, the lump-type solutions will be firstly constructed, which are almost rationally localized in all spatial directions. Then, three kinds of localized interaction solutions will be obtained, respectively. In order to study the dynamic behaviors, numerical simulations are performed. Two interesting physical phenomena are found: one is the fission and fusion phenomena happening during the procedure of their collisions; the other is the rogue wave phenomena triggered by the interaction between a lump-type wave and a soliton wave.