Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Inorganic Hole Transport Materials

Although power conversion efficiencies of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are approaching those of single-crystal silicon solar cells, the working device stability due to internal and external factors, such as light, temperature, and moisture, is still a key issue to address. The current world-record efficiency of PSCs is based on organic hole transport materials, which are usually susceptible to degradation from heat and diffusion of dopants. A simple solution would be to replace the generally used organic hole transport layers (HTLs) with a more stable inorganic material. This review article summarizes recent contributions of inorganic hole transport materials to PSC development, focusing on aspects of device performance and long-term stability. Future research directions of inorganic HTLs in the progress of PSC research and challenges still remaining will also be discussed.

Language and Disciplinary Concepts in Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Corpus Data

This paper is intended for researchers involved in or contemplating research in corpus linguistics, and is concerned in particular with the language of corpus linguistics. It introduces and explains technical terms in the context in which they are normally used. Technical terms lead on to the concepts to which they refer, and the concepts are related to the procedures, including tagging and parsing, by which they are implemented. English and Malay are used as the languages of illustration, and for the benefit of readers who do not know Malay, Malay examples are translated into English. The paper has a historical dimension, and the language of corpus linguistics is traced to traditional usage in the language classroom, and in particular to the study of Latin in Europe. The inheritance from the past is evident in the design of MaLex, which is a working device that does empirical Malay corpus linguistics, and is presented here as a contribution to the digital humanities.

Computational analysis of the digital footprint using machine learning and artificial intelligence

The article discusses the procedure of step-by-step formalization of the software model of the system for accounting and forecasting the effectiveness of employees of an IT enterprise The issue of control of social interaction is considered. The relational model from game theory based on a specific data model template is proposed. Generalization in form of highlighting the categorical apparatus of metrics that directly or indirectly affect the procedure for assessing work efficiency, downtime or incorrect use of a working device (computer) is proposed. An architectural model of the application is proposed and substantiated, a model of a system for working with metrics is determined, the implementation of the necessary analysis tools in form of a combination of various machine learning algorithms used in systems with a binary classification based on decision making by the operator (the object of analysis) is described. The article summarizes the economic effect of the implementation of this approach in employee control systems.

Research on Visual Detection Algorithm of 500kV High Voltage Live Operating Robot

The 500kV transmission line is exposed to the outdoor for a long time. It is affected by complex climate charge change and other factors which leads to line connection parts bolt loosening, wire breaking and fixture damage and other line failures. In order to ensure the stable transmission of electric energy, power operators need to wear shielding suits and work in the high-risk and high-voltage environment. Use of electric power operation robot instead of manual operation is an effective way to liberate maintenance staff labor. But robots still have some problems such as low degree of automation and low efficiency of power operation. Machine vision detection technology in recent years has been widely used in major areas including deep learning as emerging visual detection technology shows excellent performance. In this paper, the vision detection algorithm is studied respectively for the bolt fastening end working device and wire repairing end working device of the live transmission line robot to improve the operating efficiency of the robot.

Methods of Using the Google Classroom Service in Teaching Historical Disciplines During Blended and Distance Learning

The article deals with the methods of using the Google Classroom service in teaching historical disciplines during blended and distance learning. The author of the article has come to the conclusion that with the help of distance education technologies it is not only possible to put a number of routine pedagogical activities on a computer’s shoulders, but to organize really qualitative, individual, differentiated teaching. In the author’s opinion, in the Google Classroom service it is convenient and effective to work both for a teacher and a student/pupil, as the service provides the users with a generic working device, possesses a human-engineered interface and capabilities necessary for the participants of the educational process

Evaluation of antibacterial and antiviral barrier function of the conceptual model of a pneumatic helmet

Annotation. The global pandemic has necessitated the development of new respiratory protective equipment that seems to combine reliability and ergonomics. The article tests an innovative conceptual model of a pneumatic helmet with a laminar air supply system for its permeability to bacteria Micrococcus luteus and antistaphylococcal bacteriophages. The latter were fed in the form of an aerosol to the external filter of the working device with subsequent titration and seeding. Evaluation of bacterial infection is performed by counting the units that form colonies by multiplying the above indicator by the degree of dilution. The presence of bacteriophages and their number was determined by the Grace method with the calculation of plaque-forming units in the culture of Staphylococcus aureus. Statistical processing of the results was performed on a personal computer Intel Core i3 using one- and multi-factor analysis of variance (licensed software packages Microsoft Office 2016 and Statistica 10). In the full and partial configuration of the device (if there is only an external or internal filter), the penetration of microorganisms into the internal space is not detected. The results of the study confirmed the reliability of the protection system for 6 hours of continuous operation, which makes the conceptual model of a pneumatic helmet a more ergonomic alternative to the usual means of respiratory protection.

Dynamic Analysis of Excavator Arm Used for Breaking Operation

So far excavator retrofitting breaking hammer is commonly applied to impact breaking operation on rock, mountain and building body in engineering field. In practical operation fracture of the movable excavator arm frequently occurs. This thesis, in terms of dynamics, considers the breaking machine under three typical working conditions and aims at respective load solutions for the hinge point of the movable arm under each working condition. Modal analysis and harmonic response for the movable arm is conducted by means of finite element software. Analysis shows that the movable arm would not resonate at relatively high frequencies and external excitation load affects the movable arm noticeably at low frequencies. Damping increase of the working device of the breaking machine is needed to enable the external excitation frequency to avoid the primary and secondary inherent frequencies, and thus reduce the resonation opportunity of the movable arm.

Strategy for fast manufacturing of 3D hydrodynamic focusing multilayer microfluidic chips and its application for flow-based synthesis of gold nanoparticles

Fabrication of 3D microfluidic devices is normally quite expensive and tedious. A strategy was established to rapidly and effectively produce multilayer 3D microfluidic chips which are made of two layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sheets and three layers of double-sided pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) tapes. The channel structures were cut in each layer by cutting plotter before assembly. The structured channels were covered by a PMMA sheet on top and a PMMA carrier which contained threads to connect with tubing. A large variety of PMMA slides and PSA tapes can easily be designed and cut with the help of a cutting plotter. The microfluidic chip was manually assembled by a simple lamination process.The complete fabrication process from device design concept to working device can be completed in minutes without the need of expensive equipment such as laser, thermal lamination, and cleanroom. This rapid frabrication method was applied for design of a 3D hydrodynamic focusing device for synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as proof-of-concept. The fouling of AuNPs was prevented by means of a sheath flow. Different parameters such as flow rate and concentration of reagents were controlled to achieve AuNPs of various sizes. The sheet-based fabrication method offers a possibility to create complex microfluidic devices in a rapid, cheap and easy way.

Dynamic Analysis of Working Device of Excavator under Limit Digging Force

In order to more accurately analyze the dynamic characteristics of the working device of the hydraulic excavator. The load changes on the two digging trajectories were calculated and analyzed by using the limit digging force model and the theoretical digging force model, respectively. The rigid-flexible coupling model of the working device was established in ADAMS. Taking the limit digging force (LDF) and the theoretical digging force (TDF) as the external load of the working device, the dynamic simulation of the hinge force of the working device in the two trajectories was carried out, and the structural strength analysis of the bucket was carried out by using ANSYS. The results show that the tangential force of the LDF is generally larger than that of the TDF, the hinge point force of the working device changes dynamically with the external load of the tooling, and the influence of the LDF on the hinge point force is greater than that of the TDF. When the LDF is taken as the external load, the structural strength of the bucket meets the operational requirements.

Aptamer Laden Liquid Crystals Biosensing Platform for the Detection of HIV-1 Glycoprotein-120

We report a label-free and simple approach for the detection of glycoprotein-120 (gp-120) using an aptamer-based liquid crystals (LCs) biosensing platform. The LCs are supported on the surface of a modified glass slide with a suitable amount of B40t77 aptamer, allowing the LCs to be homeotropically aligned. A pronounced topological change was observed on the surface due to a specific interaction between B40t77 and gp-120, which led to the disruption of the homeotropic alignment of LCs. This results in a dark-to-bright transition observed under a polarized optical microscope. With the developed biosensing platform, it was possible to not only identify gp-120, but obtained results were analyzed quantitatively through image analysis. The detection limit of the proposed biosensing platform was investigated to be 0.2 µg/mL of gp-120. Regarding selectivity of the developed platform, no response could be detected when gp-120 was replaced by other proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), hepatitis A virus capsid protein 1 (Hep A VP1) and immunoglobulin G protein (IgG). Due to attributes such as label-free, high specificity and no need for instrumental read-out, the presented biosensing platform provides the potential to develop a working device for the quick detection of HIV-1 gp-120.