Application of Open Proportional System in Post Amendment Legislative Elections Basic Law of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945

This study aims to examine how the concept of the application of the Open Proportional System in the Legislative Elections After the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is applied. This study uses a normative juridical method based on primary and secondary legal materials. The form of the results of this research is descriptive analysis, where the results of the research provide an objective description of the concept of the application of the Open Proportional System in the Legislative Elections After the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The approaches in this study are: statute approach, and conceptual approach. In tracing legal materials, the author uses the Research library, and uses qualitative analysis. The results show that the application of the open proportional system in the legislative elections after the amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia varies, the 2004 election with a limited open proportional system using a BPP value of 100%, the 2009 and 2014 elections applying a pure open proportional system using the hare quota method and the 2019 election applying the system pure open proportional with sound conversion method using sainte lague system. The open proportional system is also able to present a variety of electoral winning parties.

RESURGANCE IN POLITICAL MINORITY: A CASE OF DAYAK ETHNICS IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN–INDONESIA

This research aims to find how the number of political representation of Dayak ethnic in central Kalimantan increased in the 2009 election where in 1999 election, they only had low political representation. Data in this research were collected using qualitative method. Data were obtained through in-depth interview, literature study, and documentation study. A number of political elite from Dayak ethnic in Central Kalimantan was used as a key informant and indigenous community leader was used as a supportive informant. This research found that in 1999-2004 election, political education was still targeted for creating political awareness in the segmentation of political elite. Political elite had just worked optimally in 2009 election by raising social and economic issues in the internal of Dayak ethnic as a tool to achieve collective identity in the election.

Indonesian Women in Politics: Critical Analysis of Portrayal in Online News Sites

In 2004 Election, Indonesian government launched a policy mandatory 30 percent female representatives in the legislature. This is an effort to accelerate an increase of women’s representativeness in the parliament. This research describes the imaging of women as politicians in Indonesian online news sites: detikcom, Kompas.com, and Tribunnews.com. Van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis was utilized as method of this research with feminist critical analysis as the corresponding method. The result shows that the imaging of female politicians is in the domestic area. They are pictured as emotional and weak persons.

Potret Keterwakilan Politik Perempuan Anggota Legislatif di DPRD NTT pada Pemilu 2014

Abstrak: Artikel ini mendeskripsikan mengenai potret perempuan anggota legislatif di DPRD Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) yang terpilih dalam pemilihan umum legislatif tahun 2014. Dalam kerangka implementasi afirmative action (kuota 30 persen) mengenai keterwakilan perempuan di parlemen sudah dilakukan sejak tahun 2004, dan artikel ini ingin menjelaskan bagaimana keterwakilan perempuan NTT di lembaga legislatif dilihat dari latar belakang dan motivasi perempuan dalam mengikuti pemilu. Dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus dan analisis melacak proses, artikel ini berpendapat bahwa perempuan NTT yang berpartisipasi dalam pemilu 2014 mampu berkontribusi dalam mewujudkan keterwakilan perempuan di dalam partai politik dan parlemen, walaupun dalam perjalanannya, banyak menghadapi tantangan, baik internal maupun eksternal. Kata Kunci: Keterwakilan, Legislatif, Partai Politik, Nusa Tenggara Timur Abstract: This article describes about women legislative member in Provincial Parliament in Nusa Tenggara Timur, who elected in legislative election in 2014. On the frame of the implementation of women’s representation in parliament that has been started since 2004 election, this article explains representation of NTT’s women in parliament based on back ground and the motivation to participate in election. Using case study method and analysis with process tracing, this article argues that NTT’s women who participated in election, have contributed to consummate women’s representation into their political party and parliament. Even thought, NTT’s women has been faced internal and external challenges. Key Words: representation, legislative, political party, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Tom DeLay’s Redistricting

This chapter examines the Supreme Court case stemming from the issue of redistricting in Texas. After the 2002 election, Texas's congressional delegation consisted of seventeen Democrats and fifteen Republicans. After the 2004 election, the delegation was eleven Democrats and twenty-one Republicans. This change was the result of the 2003 redistricting effort demanded and orchestrated by United States House majority leader Tom DeLay. It completed the process of making Texas a Republican state. In 2003, Representative Joe Crabb of the House Redistricting Committee introduced a redistricting bill that would spark a legal battle between Republicans and Democrats in Texas. The chapter discusses the Democrats' legal challenge to this bill over the issue of gerrymandering as well as the winners and losers from the litigation.

Representation of 2004 General Election Campaign in Comics Media: Semiotics studies of Comic Ketopraktoon in the 2004 Election Campaign in Kompas Newspaper

Comic could be a means to represent certain values. The reality is described through the storyline, setting and characterization which are packed in comic rubric. In comic, the whole symbols in the text will give certain meanings. They are including characters, dialogues, words written in word balloons, figure characters, and setting. This combination formed certain meanings which will determine how the reality will be framed by the media. Ketopraktoon is a comic strip which consistently reviews the sociopolitical issues and serves as a semi-comic in Kompas newspaper editorial. The strength of ketopraktoon in its social critics is built of figure’s characters which are presented in straightforward way with the support of storyline which fitted to the actual and factual condition in accordance with the dynamics of general election in Indonesia. This study aimed to discover how the election campaign during the Reform Era is represented in Ketopraktoon comic. This study used a qualitative approach with data analysis techniques semiotics of Barthes. To find the signs require appropriate and feasible methods of text analysis. Since the text to analyze is in the form of comics, the researcher defines the sign found in the comic text applies the technique that uses the semiotics of Barthes connotations and myths. The results showed (1) General Election campaign purely contained slogans and political rhetoric; (2) Pragmatism political parties and constituency campaign; (3) Irrationality behavior of political parties and constituency campaign; (4) Political branding refers to a materialistic tradition to gain popularity and power; (5) primitive and traditional culture in the election campaign.

“Blogs 1, CBS 0”: 60 Minutes and the Killian Memos Controversy

This chapter begins with 60 Minutes alleging that President Bush shirked National Guard duty in the 1970s in a story based on documents provided by an unnamed source. Immediately after it aired, conservative bloggers charged that the piece was a deliberate attempt to discredit Bush with fake documents two months before the 2004 election. CBS News spent two weeks defending its reporting before Dan Rather apologized and retracted the story. The incident hastened Rather's retirement and led to the firing of senior news producers. Discussions of what happened resulted in conservative claims of widespread liberal bias, concern by journalists over competitive constraints on news work, and a consideration of how the growing influence of new media challenged journalists' use of unnamed sources in their prosecution of controversial subjects.

Remittances as diplomatic leverage?: The precedent for Trump’s threat to restrict remittances to Mexico

As a presidential candidate, Donald J. Trump argued that he could compel Mexico to pay for a border wall by threatening to restrict the flow of remittances sent by Mexicans living in the United States. The proposal was largely dismissed by the press and the political establishment. American officials, however, have used threats to restrict remittances as leverage before. Some experts believe, in fact, that a threat from three House Republicans to restrict remittance flows to El Salvador changed the outcome of El Salvador’s 2004 presidential election in favor of the pro-trade, US-friendly candidate favored by the Bush administration. The objectives of this article are to demonstrate that Trump’s proposal to use remittances as leverage has precedent and to use survey data to attempt to evaluate the claim that a threat to restrict remittances influenced the outcome of the 2004 Salvadoran presidential election. Statistical tests suggest that remittance recipients were indeed more likely to vote for the Bush administration’s preferred candidate in the 2004 election; however, it does not appear that remittance recipients changed the outcome, nor is it clear from the available data whether the remittances threat or some other factor caused remittance recipients to vote differently than non-recipients.