INFLUENCE OF LOG LENGTH ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WOOD HARVESTING AND TRANSPORTATION

The selection of machines and the development of operating systems are the major challenge for reducing costs in harvesting and forest transportation. This work aimed to carry out a technical analysis of harvesting and forest transport activities in two different log lengths (6 and 7m). The operational cycles of the Harvester, Forwarder and combined road train vehicle in mechanized harvest areas were evaluated. The technical analysis was performed through studies of times and movements, determining the operational efficiency and productivity of the machines. According to the results, processing consumed most of the harvester's operational cycle, while in the forwarder, the most time was consumed 35,2 and 45,2 m³·he-1 and 42,84 and 75,42 m³.he-¹. The larger log size led to an increase in the productivity of the harvester by 28% and the forwarder by 48%. Among the studied models of road train vehicles, the one that showed the best results both in the analysis made with a length of 6 m and 7 m, was the dimensions with 2.35 m in width and 2.85 in height. These vehicles had a total gross weight of 63.52 tonnes for logs with a length of 6m and 69.17 tons for logs of 7m, with an 8.17% higher performance compared to 6m logs. With the obtained results it can be concluded that the increase in the length of the logs increased the productivity and the performance of the harvest and the forest transport.

Greening the logistics chain with economic efficiency

The paper considers the priority areas of greening warehouse logistics, as well as modern methods for assessing the effectiveness of environmentally friendly measures for waste management. The importance of considering warehouse logistics as an element of the logistics chain is noted. Research area and implementation of the research results – identification of the primary source of waste generation in warehouse logistics and identification of the most dangerous element in order to search for methods to increase environmental and economic efficiency in waste management. The article discusses the efficiency of greening in the management of film waste through the creation of an operational cycle for the waste of stretch film, as a promising one. The expediency of a separate assessment of environmental and economic efficiency was also determined, for the latter, modern methods of assessing project management were used. In assessing the indicators of economic efficiency, the potential was determined from the use of indicators that take into account the cost of money over time, in order to balance the fairly estimated economic efficiency from the reverse use of polyethylene waste in cooperation. A method of summary, consolidated assessment of the obtained indicators is proposed for the possible distribution of additional balanced profit in equal proportions. The results, methods and approaches considered in the article reveal the additional potential of greening the warehouse logistics link as an element of the logistics chain, and also determine the priority importance of managing the turnover of film waste over other waste generated in warehouse logistics. The possibility of obtaining economic efficiency from the results of the transition to «green» solutions has been proven not only for a warehouse company, but also for adjacent interacting sectors of the economy.

The Irregularity Change of the Technical State`s Elements of the Vehicle: form Submission

Analyzed the use of the term «irregularity changes of technical condition of element’s vehicle» to certain stages of the operational cycle. Specific examples and quantitative assessment of irregularity changes the structural parameters for the elements, working independently, and interacting in the units or systems of the vehicle.

Design of Transfer-Gated CMOS Active Pixels Deploying Conventional PN-Junction Photodiodes

This paper presents a comparative study of six active pixel sensor (APS) schemes by means of simulations and experiments. The optical sensor used was a silicon photodiode with integrated electronics in a standard 0.35 µm CMOS technology. We analyzed how the transistor characteristics, such as channel resistance and leakage current, among others, can influence the APS response. Furthermore, we demonstrated how the choice of APS model affects sensor parameters such as output swing and fill factor, among others. The results presented and the understanding of the operational cycle of the CMOS transfer-gated APS aims at guiding better choices for different applications and the better transistor type in the project.

Influence of bifurcation on thinning, productivity and harvester production costs of Pinus taeda L.

In this work, we present that how bifurcation in Pinus trees can influence productivity and harvester production costs. Our example draws from one harvesting machine that works in thinning operations in forest plantations of Pinus taeda L. in a small Brazilian forestry company. To get daily productivity, we use the machine’s system, which provides such daily information as total production. We also used a time and motion study to obtain the meantime to cut, delimb, and process the tree stem into logs. In this way, we separated the normal trees from the forked trees to get the operating cycle time of the machine and get the productivity to the two types of trees. The continuous timing method was used for this purpose. The results show an increase of up to 22.9% in the operational cycle time for cutting forked trees, resulting in reduction of productivity of 5.58 m³ for each hour worked. The production cost increased by 23.3% on operation of forked trees, as the machine took more time to perform the partial activities of the operational cycle. This study can help many companies and contractors to calculate the appropriate productivity and production harvest cost according to the type of tree stems from the plantation forest.

Features of accounting and controlling the finished products movement documentary declaration at enterprises, institutions, organizations of Ukraine

Introduction. Production of finished products and their sale completes the operational cycle in the activity of the enterprise. The enterprise must produce those products that are in demand in the market. The main role in ensuring the competitiveness of the enterprise is played by the system of control over the sale of products and the correct documentation of accounting of the movement of finished products, since these factors affect the financial result, which is a summarizing indicator of the organization. However, a number of conceptual, methodological and organizational aspects of documentation and workflow in the accounting system continue to be debatable and need further investigation. The purpose of this article is to improve the control of the documentation of the movement of finished products and the formation of financial results from its implementation at enterprises. Result. The article analyses question to improve the accounting and control of documenting the movement of finished products and the formation of financial results from its sale at enterprises. The basic tasks of control over the documentation of finished goods accounting at the enterprises in the organization system and the normative legal acts, according to which the documentary verification of the movement of finished products at the enterprise are considered. The main stages of document flow in the statistical workflow schedule are highlighted. Conclusion. Therefore, summarizing all of the above, we can conclude that it is still necessary to disclose the finished product information in the financial statements of the enterprises in more detail, where it will allow users of the financial statements to analyze data on production process efficiency, business activity of the enterprise, profitability of production and sales, as well as accept well-balanced management decisions.

Simulation of Ion Exchange Resin with Finite Difference Methods

Ion exchange resin is used to remove potentially corrosive impurities from coolant in the first circuit of a nuclear power plant. After one operational cycle, the used and unused resin in the mixed bed is discarded as solid waste. The aim of this work is to create a mathematical model to predict the operational cycle time of the mixed bed resin for reducing unused resin discharge. A partial differential equation (PDE) was set up with the conservation of matter. A finite difference method was used to solve the PDE. Matlab was the programming and calculating tool used in this work. The data from solution were obtained at different time and space nodes. The model was then verified experimentally using different ions on exchange columns. Concentrations of K+, Mn2+, and Cl- were calculated to verify the validation of the model by comparing it with experimental data. The calculated values showed good consistency with the experimental value.

EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL TREE VOLUME ON OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF HARVESTER PROCESSOR

The need to obtain multi-products from the forest makes the wood processing an important step in the timber harvest, being necessary, then, to understand the influence of the stand characteristics on the operational performance of the machines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the individual tree volume on the operational performance of the harvester forest processor in Pinus taeda L. stands, in order to assist in planning operations and reducing production costs. The analyzes were carried out by means of a time and motion study, determining the time consumed in the phases of the operational cycle, mechanical availability, operational efficiency, productivity, and production costs in three stands with different individual mean volumes (IMV): I (1.21 m3 tree-1); II (1.34 m3 tree-1) and III (1.61 m3 tree-1). In a completely randomized design, the averages of the variables were compared, as well as models for estimating productivity and production costs were fitted according to individual tree volume. The results showed that the processing element consumed a significant part of the total operational cycle time, with 46, 53 and 64% in treatments I, II and III, respectively, with an average operational efficiency of 56% in all treatments. Productivity increase and reduction of production costs were observed in the order of 43 and 30%, respectively, with the increase in IMV from 1.21 to 1.61 m3 tree-1. Such behavior can be represented by the third degree polynomial, which demonstrated the operational limit of 1.5 m3 tree-1 for the harvester forest processor.