Covid-19 Maneuver on Socio-economic: Exploitation Using Correlation

Apart from the health aspect, Covid-19 has also had socio-economic effects from the fragile balance of development that has designed so far. Instantly, humans experience suffering that is difficult to predict when it will stop. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the fragility of the socio-economic order because of Covid-19. These two motifs are the basic essence of human beings, especially the population in Indonesia. A two-way correlation applied to the IBM SPSS to predict the effect of Covid-19 on poverty, natality, minimum wages, divorce, GRDP per capita, unemployment, and crime over two periods. The database is as cross-section covering ten areas in East Kalimantan Province. We found the importance of the correlation parameter in this study that it turns out that Covid-19 closely related to the minimum wage, unemployment, and crime. Because Covid-19 has a positive effect on these three variables and the probability has met the criteria, this is also the right instrument for the government in determining special strategies. The implications of the research are to contribute to long-term management in disaster mitigation planning.

How are unemployment and crime related in Russia: panel data analysis

The dynamics of crime depend on many factors, among which unemployment occupies a special place. This is due to the fact that declining real incomes and increased competition in the labor market create incentives to engage in illegal activities. Most foreign studies conclude that unemployment predominantly affects the level of property crime, while the dynamics of general crime does not depend on the state of the labor market. This article aims to analyze the mutual influence of unemployment and various types of crime in the Russian context. Using official statistics and analysis of panel data, the authors conclude that unemployment has a significant impact on the number of economic crimes in Russia.

Unemployment and crime: Experimental evidence of the causal effects of intensified ALMPs on crime rates among unemployed individuals

Previous studies investigate whether levels of welfare benefits reduce crime among the unemployed. The current paper expands this literature by testing whether the intensity of other welfare programs aimed at the unemployed affects their criminal activity. For this purpose, the study uses evidence from a Danish social experiment that randomly assigned active labour market programs (ALMPs) of different intensity to newly unemployed individuals (N = 4.710, 41.7 per cent women). Using a negative binomial model, I find that the experiment significantly reduced the number of criminal convictions from 61 in the control group to 43 among the treated. While this 40 per cent decrease reflects a numerically small effect, the results still indicate that the intensity of ALMPs affects criminal behaviour among the unemployed.

Youth unemployment and crime: an empirical investigation for Turkey

The crime economy has lately become a popular field of research because of regular increases in crime rates. Economists’ interest in crime analysis goes back to Becker’s (1968) model. “Cost‑benefit” analysis determined the crime preferences of rational individuals in this model. According to this analysis, if the benefit from the crime is higher than the cost to be faced, the individual will be willing to commit the crime. One of the factors studied in the crime phenomenon is migration. The main reason for migration is unemployment and poverty. The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between youth unemployment and crime rates by migration-receiving regions. By this purpose, aggregated crime rates, as well as non-aggregated crime rates (property crime, theft, and violent crime), were used. Also, the youth unemployment rate has been subdivided by gender differences and educational levels. We prefer to use spatial econometrics models in this study because of the unemployment rate, and crime rate showing the regional cluster pattern. Migration-receiving is considered as regions neighboring.

The Temporal (In)Stability of the Unemployment and Crime Relationship

The complex relationship between crime and economic change has had a long pedigree in criminological research. This article considers the temporal stability of the Cantor and Land model of unemployment and crime using a decomposition model of Canadian provinces, 1981 to 2009. We include multiple economic measures for a more comprehensive representation of economic performance, allowing for the estimates of long- and short-run unemployment effects to vary over time. We undertake this analysis considering 12 crime types, finding strong support for the Cantor and Land model in both property and violent crimes. However, in a number of cases, we find that there is significant variation of these relationships over time. This result implies that support for this model depends on the time period analyzed and that any policy derived from this model of unemployment and crime is time-period dependent.

Violent Crime and Unemployment in Nigeria: An ARDL Bound Test Cointegration.

This study attempts to examine whether there is a long-run relationship existing between crime rates and unemployment in Nigeria for the period 2004 to 2016. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach was used to determine the cointegration between unemployment and crime rates. The results show that unemployment and crime (murder, armed robbery, robbery, assaults, sexual offense, and cultism) are cointegrated. The empirical findings show that the unemployment rate and violent crime, such as; armed robbery, robbery-murder, assaults, sex violence, and cultism are all cointegrated. The long-run coefficients results indicated that the unemployment rate has a positive and significant effect on murder, sex violence, assaults, and cultism

Job Displacement, Unemployment, and Crime: Evidence from Danish Microdata and Reforms

This paper estimates the individual impact of a worker’s job loss on his/her criminal activity. Using a matched employer–employee longitudinal data set on unemployment, crime, and taxes for all residents in Denmark, the paper builds each worker’s timeline of job separation, unemployment, and crime. The paper focuses on displaced workers: high-tenure workers who lose employment during a mass-layoff event at any point between 1990 and 1994 (inclusive). Controlling for municipality- and time-specific confounders identifies the individual impact separately from the aggregate impact of the unemployment rate on crime. Placebo tests display no evidence of trends in crime prior to worker separation. Using Denmark’s introduction of the Act on an Active Labor Market at the end of 1993, we estimate the impacts of activation and of a reduction in benefit duration on crime: crime is lower during active benefits than during passive benefits and spikes at the end of benefit eligibility. We use policy-induced shifts in the kink formula relating prior earnings to unemployment benefits to estimate the separate impacts of labor income and unemployment benefits on crime: the results suggest that unemployment benefits do not significantly offset the impact of labor income losses on crime.

Conducting Quality Culture in Educational Institutions

A good quality of educational institutions is very important nowadays. Currently, there are many educational institutions that are not qualified by considering from grade of national education. It is still low. In addition, there are some basics schools, high and university that have not been accredited or achieved grade C. The lack of education institutions will lead to rising unemployment and crime. In addition, the nation's competitiveness will also be low in facing global competition. To improve good quality of educational institutions, it needs to work high and state a commitment together. The existence of a good quality of educational institutions can be seen from the improvement of culture, structure, access, systems and relationship with stakeholders. Management of human resources in educational institutions is also a key quality of the educational institution.