Optimizing renewable-based energy supply options for power generation in Ethiopia

Ethiopia unveiled homegrown economic reform agenda aimed to achieve a lower-middle status by 2030 and sustain its economic growth to achieve medium-middle and higher-middle status by 2040 and 2050 respectively. In this study, we evaluated the optimal renewable energy mix for power generation and associated investment costs for the country to progressively achieve upper-middle-income countries by 2050. Two economic scenarios: business as usual and Ethiopia’s homegrown reform agenda scenario were considered. The study used an Open Source energy Modeling System. The model results suggest: if projected power demand increases as anticipated in the homegrown reform agenda scenario, Ethiopia requires to expand the installed power capacity to 31.22GW, 112.45GW and 334.27GW to cover the current unmet and achieve lower, medium and higher middle-income status by 2030, 2040 and 2050 respectively. The Ethiopian energy mix continues to be dominated by hydropower and starts gradually shifting to solar and wind energy development towards 2050 as a least-cost energy supply option. The results also indicate Ethiopia needs to invest about 70 billion US$ on power plant investments for the period 2021–2030 to achieve the lower-middle-income electricity per capita consumption target by 2030 and staggering cumulative investment in the order of 750 billion US$ from 2031 to 2050 inclusive to achieve upper-middle-income electricity consumption rates by 2050. Ethiopia has enough renewable energy potential to achieve its economic target. Investment and financial sourcing remain a priority challenge. The findings could be useful in supporting decision-making concerning socio-economic development and investment pathways in the country.

Supporting Students Impacted by Poverty Through Literacy Methods, Resources, and Strategies

This chapter is based on supporting students impacted by poverty through literacy education. Specifically, it looks at literacy methods, resources, and strategies that offer students engaging opportunities to learn in safe and supported environments. Student-centered instructional examples provide both voice and choice through quality pedagogical practices. As the wealth gap continues to widen, it is more important than ever to be diligent in ensuring equitable access to educational resources available to all students regardless of income status. Within this chapter, the authors have offered ways in which educators can access some of these resources.

Professional Ethics Relationship with Patient’s Rights Charter Observance among Nurses and Midwives

Introduction: Respect for patients’ rights and observance of professional ethics standards improves medical services that will have an essential role in promoting patients’ health. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between awareness of patient’s rights charter and professional ethics with patient’s rights charter observance. Materials and Methods: This analytical correlational study was performed on 285 staff members (196 nurses and 85 midwives) working in 2 hospitals affiliated to Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, and 2 social security hospitals. They were selected using a stratified random sampling method. The study data were collected using the sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, awareness and observance of the patient’s rights, and professional ethics charter questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including the independent t-test, Pearson correlation, Chi-square tests, and multivariate linear regression, were used for data analysis. Results: The Mean±SD ages of nurses and midwives were 36.2±8.3 and 37.5±7.9 years, respectively. The results also showed an association of professional ethics and awareness of patient’s rights charter with patient’s rights charter observance in both nurses (P=0.0001) and midwives (P=0.0001). Based on multivariate linear regression analysis, there were relationships between gender (B=-0.3; 95%CI; -2.0, 2.0; P=0.000), work experience (B=-0.6; 95%CI; -4.0, 3.0; P=0.000), marital and employment status (B=-3.2; 95%CI; -6.0, -0.0; P=0.045), in nurses and between job position (B=9.5; 95%CI; 5.4, 13.5; P=0.000), interest to work (B=-7.9; 95%CI; -11.5, -4.3; P=0.000), and income status (B=6.3; 95%CI; 3.3, 9.2; P=0.000), in midwives with Observance of the Charter of Patient Rights. Conclusion: It is possible to improve compliance with the charter of patient’s rights and its dimensions by strengthening the knowledge of nurses and midwives in this area and their professional ethics, which results in patient satisfaction in this area.

The Effect of Sport Activities on Self-Confidence Levels of 13-14 Year-Olds

This study is conducted to determine the effect of the sport activities on the self-confidence levels of 13-14 year-olds. Self-confidence formation starts especially at ages of 13-14 and affects the success of the individuals. Therefore, whether sport activities have any effects on self-confidence and whether the demographic characteristics affect self-confidence are analyzed in our study. Total of 272 individuals, 159 individuals participating in sport activities and 113 individuals not participating in sport activities at Ilkadım, Carsamba and Bafra Youth Centers providing services under the scope of the sport activities by the Samsun Youth and Sports Provincial Directorate in the season of 2018-2019 have participated voluntarily in this study. In this research, survey method among the methods used in applied research is preferred. As the data collection tool, a survey form consisting of two sections is used. In the first section the ‘Personal Information Form’ prepared by the researcher is used. In the personal information form, demographic information as father’s employment status, mother’s employment status, mother and father’s marital status, number of siblings and familial income status are included. In the second section, the ‘Self-confidence scale’ developed by Akın (2007) is used. Acquired data is tested at 95% confidence level with the aid of SPSS program and the significance level is determined as 0.05. In the light of the date in the study, before the statistical analysis was begun, normality assumption and homogeneity tests are applied, as the result of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests conducted it is determined that the data has normal distribution (p > 0.05). As the data shows normal distribution, it is decided to conduct parametric analysis. In comparison of the groups, independent sample t-test and one way ANOVA analyses are used. According to the acquired data and the analyses conducted, as the result of comparison of the Internal and External Self-confidence scores of the individuals participating in the sport activities according to the father’s employment status, mother’s employment status, mother and father’s marital status, number of siblings and familial income status, it is concluded that there is no significant differences. Whereas in the gender variable, while there is no significant difference in the Internal Self-confidence sub dimension, in the External Self-confidence sub dimension it is found out that the males have significantly higher scores compared to the females. Also it is seen that the self-confidence levels of individuals participating in sport activities are statistically higher than the ones who do not participate in the sport activities (p < 0.05).

Metaphorical Perceptions of Academicians and Engineers on the Conceptions of Game and Exercise: The Case of Boston, Massachusetts

Games and exercises, which have an important place in the life of the individual in every developmental period of humans as a social being contribute to the communication and interaction of the individual with the environment, to the development of social cognitive skills such as problem-solving, analytical thinking, creative thinking, and reasoning as well as positively affecting the physical and mental development. Individuals, who try to survive in a mentally and physically challenging and demanding work pace or by being inactive for a long time in front of a computer screen, spend their energy through games, exercises, and physical activities, and can be discharged by relaxing. In this respect, it is possible to evaluate the entire games, exercises, and physical activities as a driving force to gather energy again after a tiring work tempo or as a source of motivation to move away from mental and physical fatigue. It is considered that performing activities such as exercises and playing games by individuals, considering them as a way of life and evaluating the factors, which keep individuals away from these activities, can be possible by explaining individual perceptions on these issues. In the light of these data, the meanings and values associated with the concepts of games and exercises by academics and engineers who live in different cultural structures, who cannot allocate adequate time for games and exercises in a compulsory work tempo, or who can acquire internal and external motivation via games and exercises as well as exercise frequency and playing times. The present study was conducted to examine the perceptions of academics and engineers on the concepts of game and exercise via metaphor analysis in June 2019 with the participation of scientists, academicians, and engineers who participated in the 2019 International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center in Boston, MA, USA, which was held with the participation of many scientists, academicians, and engineers from all over the world as a total of 135 participants, 56 women and 79 men, who agreed to participate in the study voluntarily, made up the study group. The metaphor analysis form that was prepared by the researcher was used in obtaining the data to reveal the perceptions of the participants about the concepts of game and exercise. The participants were asked to complete the statements with the statements of “Game is like … because …” and “Exercise is like … because …” in addition to their age, gender, nationality, residence, occupation, perceived income status, and educational status. After the data were analyzed, various metaphors for the concepts of game and exercise were detected. Also, different game playing times and exercise frequencies emerged as a result of the self-evaluation of each participant.

Infant Feeding Pattern and Practices among Lactating Mothers in Santa Fe, Romblon Philippines

This paper examines whether the profile of the respondents: age, number of living children, marital status, income status, employment status, educational background, current feeding practices, and level of knowledge on the importance of EBF affects feeding among infants 0-6 months old. The study uses a descriptive analysis using a normative survey with a study population of 102 mothers from the Municipality of Santa Fe Romblon respondents who were informed and given consent to secure. The result is as follows mothers, whose age ranges from 21 to 25, are the most prevailing, 39%, of the total respondents are practicing EBF. The more children the respondent had higher the percentage of practicing EBF, 55% of respondents say; they are living in with a partner, either married through church wedding, civil or in the state of cohabitation, lower-income mothers (45%) practice EBF more compared to other income class. Mothers without job practice EBF more (51%) exclusive breastfeeding are practiced more by elementary graduate mothers (63%), forty-four (44) mothers out of one hundred two (102) respondents are doing exclusive breastfeeding, at least 63% have revealed little knowledge on the importance of exclusive feeding.

The Centrality of Education for Indigenous Income Mobility in Canada

In this article, we employ a multinomial logistic regression model to determine which factors predict middle- and upper income class belonging among Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. We examine the impact of identity, education, occupation, and urbanization on income status. The positive impact of higher education is captured by the model; however, post-secondary education has a greater impact on some Indigenous groups than others. We present interaction terms between education and identity to show that investment in higher education is crucial to Indigenous people’s income attainment; however, some identity groups benefit more than others.

The Role of Perceived Social Support on Quality of Life in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Cardiovascular disease significantly impairs quality of life. Inadequate social support has been associated with poor quality of life in patients with Cardiovascular. The aim of this study was to describe social support and explore its association with quality of life among cardiovascular patients.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 2020 from September to January. We selected 150 cardiovascular patients through convenience sampling. The structured questionnaires included: the Persian version of the WHOQOL-BREF was used to obtain the necessary data on the quality of life, psychometric evaluation of the interpersonal support evaluation list–short form as well as demographic variables were included in each questionnaire. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to explore the association between perceived social support and quality of life.Results: The demographic variables were able to predict 12.2% of the variance of quality of life in the first step. In the second step, after adjusting control variables, dimensions of social support the predictability increased to 29% of the variance with the addition of variables. All dimensions of social support, excluding tangible assets support, were significant predictors of quality of life in addition to monthly income status. Self-esteem support (β= 0.387) was the higher level of predictor of quality of life in cardiovascular patients.Conclusion: Overall, the current study revealed that social support is one of the strategies that cardiovascular patients can utilize to improve their quality of life and overcome their disease. It is possible to say that enhancing social support in patients improves their health and quality of life.