On the solar dynamics from radio signal communication by recent solar probes

The very inquisition of the humanity always remains about its parent star of this planetary system. Scientists across the world are always egger to investigate the details of the phenomenon of the solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). There are some fundamental mysteries related to the solar coronal heating along with the acceleration of the solar wind and energetic particles. In this context we have discussed on the solar radio signal data obtained from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), USA in course of its journey towards the Sun and the very recent data of Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) space probe of European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA. In this work the simultaneous and periodical analysis of the data from the SOHO and PSP will light into the delicate features of the near and far Earth observations on the solar coronal mass ejections related dynamics and that reveals some interesting facts in relation to the solar magnetic field.

Strategic Research Agenda for Utilisation of Earth Observation in Agriculture

The EO4Agri Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) is a set of recommendations for future research activities in the area of Earth observation for agriculture. The EO4AGRI project provides support to all agri-food sectors based on new uses of COPERNICUS data. At first, part of the deliverable collected user needs from previous work are summarised including gaps in data, delivery platforms and knowledge management. Another input was an analysis of the current political framework and its influence on future agriculture. The implementation of the European Green Deal and the UN Sustainable Development Goals will require future collaboration of the public and private sectors. The main part of the SRA is a list of recommendations for future activities in the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), Horizon Europe (Annex 4 and Annex 6) and the Digital Europe programmes. It is not a revision of these programmes, but additional recommendations or tasks which are important to consider in updating the future programmes.

Bibliometric Analysis of Remote Sensing of Inland Waters Publications from 1985 to 2020

Over the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of studies about the use of remote sensing techniques for the monitoring of inland waters. Since these aquatic environments have multiple uses for mankind, monitoring them is essential for the environment, society, and the economy. The use of Earth Observations data for the monitoring of inland waters is important for water quantity and quality management. Because of this, the goal of the present study is to systematically analyze and visualize the evolution of publications in this field. This study will not focus on algorithm comparisons or descriptions; instead, it will use a co-citation analysis to map the relationship among publications. Using the Web of Science database, publications related to the terms, “remote sensing” + “inland waters”, were analyzed using the entire database. The bibliometric analysis showed how research topics evolved from measuring optical properties and understanding their signal to the development of remote sensing algorithms and their applications to satellite imagery. This study provides the historical development of the scientific publications in this field and points out what could be the direction for future research.

Earth Observations and Statistics: Unlocking Sociodemographic Knowledge through the Power of Satellite Images

The continuous urbanisation in most Low-to-Middle-Income-Country (LMIC) cities is accompanied by rapid socio-economic changes in urban and peri-urban areas. Urban transformation processes, such as gentrification as well as the increase in poor urban neighbourhoods (e.g., slums) produce new urban patterns. The intersection of very rapid socio-economic and demographic dynamics are often insufficiently understood, and relevant data for understanding them are commonly unavailable, dated, or too coarse (resolution). Traditional survey-based methods (e.g., census) are carried out at low temporal granularity and do not allow for frequent updates of large urban areas. Researchers and policymakers typically work with very dated data, which do not reflect on-the-ground realities and data aggregation hide socio-economic disparities. Therefore, the potential of Earth Observations (EO) needs to be unlocked. EO data have the ability to provide information at detailed spatial and temporal scales so as to support monitoring transformations. In this paper, we showcase how recent innovations in EO and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can provide relevant, rapid information about socio-economic conditions, and in particular on poor urban neighbourhoods, when large scale and/or multi-temporal data are required, e.g., to support Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) monitoring. We provide solutions to key challenges, including the provision of multi-scale data, the reduction in data costs, and the mapping of socio-economic conditions. These innovations fill data gaps for the production of statistical information, addressing the problems of access to field-based data under COVID-19.

The Swiss data cube, analysis ready data archive using earth observations of Switzerland

Since the opening of Earth Observation (EO) archives (USGS/NASA Landsat and EC/ESA Sentinels), large collections of EO data are freely available, offering scientists new possibilities to better understand and quantify environmental changes. Fully exploiting these satellite EO data will require new approaches for their acquisition, management, distribution, and analysis. Given rapid environmental changes and the emergence of big data, innovative solutions are needed to support policy frameworks and related actions toward sustainable development. Here we present the Swiss Data Cube (SDC), unleashing the information power of Big Earth Data for monitoring the environment, providing Analysis Ready Data over the geographic extent of Switzerland since 1984, which is updated on a daily basis. Based on a cloud-computing platform allowing to access, visualize and analyse optical (Sentinel-2; Landsat 5, 7, 8) and radar (Sentinel-1) imagery, the SDC minimizes the time and knowledge required for environmental analyses, by offering consistent calibrated and spatially co-registered satellite observations. SDC derived analysis ready data supports generation of environmental information, allowing to inform a variety of environmental policies with unprecedented timeliness and quality.

Low-orbit satellite grouping of the system for monitoring geodesic parameters of the Earth and the direction of its development

Спутниковые миссии наряду с наземными геодезическими сетями различных космических технологий являются второй важной составляющей российского сегмента системы контроля геодезических параметров Земли (ГПЗ). Спутники имеют неоспоримое преимущество в том, что они непрерывно собирают однородные данные над большими частями земной поверхности. Они позволяют сбор данных, которые не могут быть зарегистрированы на поверхности Земли. Такие спутники в наше время оборудованы множеством датчиков, контролирующих поверхности суши, океана и льда, а также гравитационное поле Земли и его временные изменения. Потенциал и влияние спутниковых миссий для наблюдений Земли значительно возрастут в связи с тем, что: (1) будут запускаться все больше и больше спутниковых созвездий, вместо отдельных спутников, увеличивая тем самым временное и пространственное разрешение получаемых данных; (2) спутники будут летать в «формированиях», образуя большие наблюдательные приборы, состоящие из датчиков, расположенных на нескольких спутниках. В работе автор, с учетом рекомендаций международного геодезического сообщества, предлагает набор низкоорбитальных спутниковых миссий различных направлений, необходимых для полноценного функционирования системы контроля ГПЗ, и рассматривает направления развития данных миссий. Satellite missions, along with ground-based geodesic networks of various space technologies, will be the second important component of the Russian segment of the system for monitoring geodesic parameters of the Earth (GPE). Satellites have the undeniable advantage of continuously collecting uniform data over large parts of the Earth’s surface. They allow the collection of data that cannot be registered on the Earth’s surface. Such satellites are now equipped with a variety of sensors that monitor the surface of land, ocean and ice, as well as the Earth’s gravitational field and its temporal changes. The potential and impact of satellite missions for Earth observations will increase significantly as: (1) more and more satellite constellations will be launched, instead of individual satellites, thereby increasing the temporal and spatial resolution of the data received; (2) satellites will fly in “formations”, forming large observation instruments consisting of sensors located on several satellites. In this article the author taking into account the international geodetic community recommendations proposes a set of low-orbit satellite missions to various areas, necessary for proper operation of the system for monitoring GPE, and the directions of development of these missions are considered.