Quintilian in the Graeco-Roman Rhetorical Tradition

Quintilian’s Institutio oratoria (c.95 ce) provides a comprehensive statement on education based on the author’s belief that the study of rhetoric was essential both for the growth of the individual and also for serving the welfare of the state through effective leadership that united wisdom with eloquence. Quintilian’s Institutio is often identified exclusively as a work of Roman rhetoric. Viewing the Institutio as uniquely Roman is understandable. In the Institutio, Quintilian often used Cicero—the pre-eminent orator and rhetorician of the Roman Republic—as a model whose career illustrated the best features of Roman rhetoric and citizenship. However, viewing Quintilian’s Institutio as exclusively Roman distorts the influence that Greek rhetoric had on Quintilian’s work. Quintilian, and even his Roman model Cicero, were both influenced by Greek rhetoric, especially the contributions of Isocrates. Quintilian’s Institutio is better understood, and appreciated, as a ratio or system that was built upon a foundation of Hellenic rhetoric and a shining example of the Graeco-Roman rhetorical tradition. This chapter reveals a spectrum of Greek contributions in Quintilian’s Institutio ranging from isolated technical concepts to an overarching philosophy of civic rhetoric predicated on the officia or ‘duties’ of good, virtuous citizens eloquently applying rhetoric for social betterment. Quintilian’s use and command of Greek rhetoric is well demonstrated and his indebtedness to Greek sources for crafting his own ‘Roman’ rhetoric is evident throughout his Institutio.

Introduction

This section introduction explores the imaginative dimension of mobility in two West African countries, Sierra Leone and Liberia. Building on literature that highlights the existential dimension of movement and migration, the authors explore three socio-cultural patterns that inform representations of im/mobility: historical continuities and the longue-durée perspective on mobile practices, the association of geographical mobility with social betterment, and the interaction between local aspirations and the imaginary of global modernity. The three individual contributions by Bedert, Enria and Ménard bring out the work of imagination attached to im/mobility both in ‘home’ countries and diaspora communities, and underline the continuity of representations and practices between spaces that are part of specific transnational social fields.

Socio-Religious and Legal Perspectives on Women Health in Pakistan

This paper focuses on the sexual health of women and their counteractive action practices against cancer. Steady with acknowledged definitions, inside the extent of this exploration, women's sexual well-being envelops regenerative wellbeing and fruitfulness and the physical, mental, enthusiastic what's more, cultural and social betterment identified with sexuality during a life of an individual. Albeit sexual wellbeing is a phenomenon which is extremely personal to an individual, it is basically impacted by different factors including the personality of an individual, kind of family to which individuals belong, group of friends and peers in which individuals live, and the state laws to which individuals are subjected. These factors are beyond individuals’ control. Other than physical, mental and subjective markers, sexual wellbeing is influenced by political and monetary variables, standards, parts, social qualities, and religious convictions. This article, reflecting on the sexual health of women, presents information generally from creating nations. Also, it provides a circumstantial examination of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and an understanding of contraceptives’ uses in Pakistan. Further, this paper reflects upon on socio-religious context of Pakistan that affects data on sexual wellbeing. This paper's important contribution is to provide a survey of the integrative model of conduct expectation (Fishbein, 2000) and provide socio-religious and legal perspectives on women sexual health.

Land Fictions

This book explores the common storylines, narratives, and tales of social betterment that justify and enact land as commodity. It interrogates global patterns of property formation, the dispossessions property markets enact, and the popular movements to halt the growing waves of evictions and land grabs. This collection brings together original research on urban, rural, and peri-urban India; rapidly urbanizing China and Southeast Asia; resource expropriation in Africa and Latin America; and the neoliberal urban landscapes of North America and Europe. Through a variety of perspectives, the book finds resonances between local stories of land's fictional powers and global visions of landed property's imagined power to automatically create value and advance national development. The book unpacks the dynamics of land commodification across a broad range of political, spatial, and temporal settings, exposing its simultaneously contingent and collective nature. It advances understanding of the politics of land while also contributing to current debates on the intersections of local and global, urban and rural, and general and particular.

Achieving Evaluation Influence Through Elaboration Likelihood Model-informed Evaluation Product Designs

The ultimate purpose of evaluation is social betterment, which is achieved through evaluation influence. Progress has been made in defining the mechanisms of evaluation influence (Mark & Henry, 2004); however, little research has explored how the design of evaluation products trigger these mechanisms. Sister fields such as persuasion psychology can provide guidance to fill this gap. The Elaboration Likelihood Model, a dual-processing model of persuasion, provides insights into how persuasive information is processed and how this processing impacts attitude formation and behavioral intention (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986). By translating the principles of the Elaboration Likelihood Model, this research explores how various data presentation conventions -- minimalist, embellished, and interactive -- impact evaluation influence. In the first phase of this research, minimalist and embellished data visualization conventions did not result in differences in participant experience of the visualization nor different interpretation or attitudinal outcomes; however, motivation to elaborate significantly impacted both participant experiences and outcomes. Additionally, engagement with the data visualization played a role in how participants processed the evaluation findings, with highly engaged individuals basing their evaluand-specific attitudes on the strength of the evaluation findings. The second phase of this research demonstrated no significant differences in attitude strength and donation behaviors between minimalist and embellished data visualization. Instead, donation behaviors were driven by attitudes formed after reading the evaluation findings and motivation to elaborate. The final experiment found that interactive data presentations promoted elaboration and the formation of attitudes based on the strength of the evaluation findings. Additionally, significant differences in attitude persistence and behavioral intent were found based on the strength of evaluation findings; behavioral intent was additionally impacted by motivation to elaborate and engagement with the data presentation. Finally, donation behaviors were driven by motivation to elaborate, engagement with the data presentation, and evaluand-specific attitudes formed after reading the evaluation findings. The results of this research demonstrate that the design of evaluation products and audience characteristics such as motivation to elaborate can be factors impacting evaluation influence. Based on these findings, evaluation practitioners can promote evaluation influence by seeking out opportunities to design products that increase audience involvement to support elaboration processes. The current research also identifies both risks to and opportunities for increased evaluation influence based on the audiences' level of motivation to elaborate, which provide guidance to evaluation practitioners seeking to maximize their evaluation's impact. More broadly, this research advances new directions for research on evaluation influence by providing empirical evidence for influence pathways, for data visualization research by demonstrating the importance of motivation to elaborate to visualization experience and outcomes, and for research on the application of Elaboration Likelihood Model principles within the context of evaluation

The utopian dimension in the philosophy of social betterment in Adam Smith

Adam Smith does not focus on the creation of an ideal world, but on the understanding that societal changes for the better are an unintentional product of commerce. Furthermore, as if to highlight the concreteness of these changes, he sees population growth as the way to measure this betterment of society.

Qur’ānic Concept of Divine Mercy Projected through the Pairs of Divine Attributes: A Criterion for Social Amelioration

This paper intends to discuss Qur’ānic concept of Divine Mercy in the light of couples of Divine Attributes mentioned at the end of verses in order to study what standards have been given for the best human conduct and how we may extract guideline and principles for communal amelioration acquiring well-balanced social rhythm. Conversely, what are the conditions and prerequisites that are responsible to make a person deserving and worthy of Divine Mercy as advised by Qur’ānic verses from within the domain of selected pairs. This paper desires to estimate the hypothesis that Divine Mercy gives rise to the better understanding leading towards broad spectrum of the subject theme where social betterment is greatly concerned. Employing analytical method, we may be able to know multiple dimensions regarding human life and its rectification. This study concludes that from the universal message of Divine Mercy each pair demonstrates its unique communication, which may cause to find the details for social amelioration as well as practical evidences concerning the better social milieu, instead of just concentrating upon theories and revolving around the ideas in relation to the concept of mercy. This communication finds that how these pairs mutually addressed the humanity to educate them commendable conduct along with preventive measures, for praiseworthy living. It is recommended that this discourse will provide a data from Islamic weltanschauung concerning Divine Mercy projecting an exclusive comparative stance towards different thoughts and religions.

Evaluators in the Anthropocene

In the last century, human-led activities have drastically altered natural systems. The environmental impacts of human activity are so deleterious to living species and our biosphere that geologists have named this new geological era the Anthropocene, from anthropos, human being. Responses to the Anthropocene era call for drastic changes in all domains of activity. As evaluators, we claim to work for social betterment. We have a responsibility to adapt our approaches and practices to respond to this environmental challenge. The aim of this article is to raise awareness on the need to develop new approaches for evaluators in the Anthropocene. We first describe what this state of urgency represents for humans, the international commitments to take action, the solutions that exist, and what responding to this environmental challenge means for our profession.

Parental Conflict and Role of Child Protection & Welfare Bureau on Children’s Life

The study is based on parental conflict and the role of the Child Protection & Welfare Bureau (CP&WB) on children’s life. Parental disharmony and friction can have a devastating effect on children and their mental growth. Besides posing a serious impediment to their change as they grow, the parental difference may lead to damaging lifelong effects on the children’s well-being. Kids may feel anxiety, depression, shame,or other similar issues when parental relationships result in impaired parenting practices arising out of conflict. The research was conducted at CP&WB in Bahawalpur. The study aimed to investigate the role of the Bureau for the betterment of the children. The methodology of the research was explanatory and the methods used for the research were interviews and observation. It was found that the bureau generally provided love, care, and met the basic need of the children for their social betterment and mental growth.

Parental Conflict and Role of Child Protection & Welfare Bureau on Children’s Life

The study is based on parental conflict and the role of the Child Protection & Welfare Bureau (CP&WB) on children’s life. Parental disharmony and friction can have a devastating effect on children and their mental growth. Besides posing a serious impediment to their change as they grow, the parental difference may lead to damaging lifelong effects on the children’s well-being. Kids may feel anxiety, depression, shame,or other similar issues when parental relationships result in impaired parenting practices arising out of conflict. The research was conducted at CP&WB in Bahawalpur. The study aimed to investigate the role of the Bureau for the betterment of the children. The methodology of the research was explanatory and the methods used for the research were interviews and observation. It was found that the bureau generally provided love, care, and met the basic need of the children for their social betterment and mental growth.