Melissopalynological Analysis of Forest Honey from North Malaysia

Honey is a natural product widely used by humans due to its sweet taste and health benefits produced by bees from nectar and honey dew of various plants. To establish and increase the production of honey one must know the plants that take part in the production of honey. In this study pollen analysis of forest honey samples from northern part of Malaysia was carried out to determine the botanical sources playing role in the production of honey in that region. The pollen samples were acetolyzed and identified microscopically. Out of the three samples studied Baling sample was unifloral having Mimosa scabrella as predominant pollen while Jeli and Gerik samples are multifloral containing Tipo myrcia and Elais guineensis as major secondary pollen. Fabaceae family represented four pollen types and accounted 80% of pollen in Baling sample and 34 % in Gerik sample while completely absent in Jeli sample. These results showed the dominance of plants from Fabaceae family in honey production. All the samples analysed have Albizia falcataria, Eupatorium sp., Sparganium typha, Tilia sp. and Tipo myrcia in common indicating that these plants are present in all the three places and these results also can be used as a tool in geographical identification of North Malaysian honey from others.

Application of litters to inhibit nitrification in Vertisols on sweet corn (Zea mays S.)

<p>Nitrification, or the process of oxidation of ammonium to nitrate in the soil, needs to be inhibited because it reduces the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. Vertisols have 2:1 minerals and have high negative charge, so ammonium is more absorbed by soil particles, whereas nitrate is free to move in the soil and diffuses into the plant tissue or is leached with gravity water. This study aimed to determine the litter treatment that can inhibit the nitrification process in Vertisols on sweet corn plants. This research was conducted in June until November 2019 in the Plastic House of Plesungan, Gondangrejo, Karanganyar, Indonesia. This study used a basic completely randomized design with a single factor (litter type) as an immobilizer. The types of litter used in this study were <em>Gliricidia maculata</em>, <em>Albizia falcataria</em>, <em>Senna siamea</em>, and <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em>. The parameters observed were ammonium content, nitrification potential, average nitrate content, actual nitrification, plant height, number of leaves, and dry crown plant. <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> gave the highest actual nitrification of 23.26%. <em>Senna siamea</em> has the lowest actual nitrification of 12.36%, followed by <em>Gliricidia maculata</em> with 17.39% and <em>Albizia falcataria </em>with<em> </em>17.67%. This shows that the <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> litter has the highest value in inhibiting nitrification. Maize plants treated with the <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> litter had the best plant growth compared to those applied with other treatments. Therefore, among the treatments used, the <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> litter was most optimal in inhibiting nitrification in Vertisols.</p>

ALGORITMA K-NN DENGAN EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE UNTUK PREDIKSI HASIL PENGGERGAJIAN KAYU SENGON

Industri dengan bahan dasar kayu Sengon (Albizia falcataria) banyak diselenggarakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia untuk keperluan furnitur, instrumen desain interior, bahan kayu plywood, pelapis dinding, plafon, dudukan cor, dan bahan baku kertas. Penggergajian merupakan proses pemotongan batang kayu untuk mendapatkan potongan-potongan yang lebih kecil sesuai dengan variasi dimensi yang diinginkan. Perhitungan prediksi secara manual untuk mendapatkan jumlah dan dimensi potongan membutuhkan waktu lama karena harus dilakukan secara berulang untuk setiap batang, terkadang hasilnya tidak optimal sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian. Penelitian ini menerapkan Algoritma k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) dengan Euclidean Distance untuk prediksi hasil penggergajian kayu Sengon. Penelitian diawali dengan perhitungan dengan Ms Excel lalu membangun aplikasi Algoritma k-NN menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dengan database MySQL dan framework Laravel. Data training sejumlah 135 dan data testing sejumlah 10. Nilai k yang digunakan adalah 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5. Penggunaan aplikasi dilakukan dengan memberikan input berupa panjang dan diameter kayu untuk kemudian dilakukan proses perhitungan k-NN hingga mendapatkan hasil prediksi. Penelitian dengan aplikasi didapatkan hasil prediksi 100% sama dengan hasil perhitungan dengan Ms Excel. Hasil prediksi dengan aplikasi mendapatkan akurasi 70% atau error rate sebesar 30% jika dibandingkan dengan hasil riil di lapangan.

RESILIENCE SYSTEM OF COMPLEX AGROFORESTRY WITH ALBIZIA AS THE MAIN STAND IN WEST JAVA

The dynamics in forest management in general as well as in agroforestry are always associated with ecological and social changes. For more than 30 years, the common pattern of community forests especially in West Java applies a complex agroforestry pattern. Currently, one of the most popular trees is albizia (Falcataria moluccana). However, in the past years, gall rust attack becomes a serious problem for the farmers. By borrowing a resilience system approach, this paper describes how a complex agroforestry resilience system with albizia as the primary stand is working in relation to providing sustainable livelihoods so far for the complex agroforestry farmers with all the dynamics especially in the last 10-20 years particularly related to gall rust attack. By selecting a research site in the village of Kalijaya, Ciamis District, West Java Province, this paper aims to understand how the resilience system works in this landscape. The understanding will be a baseline propose some recommendations for the landscape of the villages of Kalijaya specifically and the same type community forests in West Java in general in order to make agroforestry landscapes remain capable or even improving the farmer livelihood by anticipating various threats that may occur in the future by taking into consideration the role that can be undertaken by agroforestry-related parties.

The growth and rooting dimensions of the Local and Solomon Albizia in the agroforestry system

Azizah N, Wijayanto N, Wirnas D. 2019. The growth and rooting dimensions of the Local and Solomon Albizia in the agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 20: 3018-3023. Albizia (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes) is one of the leguminous plants that has a fast-growing character and profitable wood. Some types of albizia such as local albizia and Solomon albizia are cultivated by the community. Albizia planting can be integrated with crops such as upland paddy in agroforestry systems. Research on albizia planted in the agroforestry system was conducted to analyze the growth and root dimensions. This research was conducted for six months at the Cikabayan Field, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University, Bogor, West Java. This study was composed of two activities, those : (i) analyzing the effect of the albizia provenance on the growth of diameter, height, and canopy area, (ii) analyzing the root dimensions in agroforestry systems. The results showed that the albizia provenance had significant effect fo diameter, height, canopy area, and root length variable. F1 Solomon albizia has the best growth in all measured variables. F1 Solomon albizia has differed significantly with F2 Solomon and local albizia.

Toksisitas Ekstrak n-heksana Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Sengon (Albizia falcataria l. Forberg) terhadap Mortalitas Serangga Penggerek Buah Kopi (Hypothenemus hampei ferr.) (Scolytidae: Coleoptera)

Research on the toxicity of n-hexane extract of Albizia falcataria sawdust against Hypothenemus hampei has been conducted. The method of research was contact method. The concentrations used in the experiment were control (aquadest); 0.25%; 0.5%; 1%; 2%; and 4%. Every concentration was sprayed on the female imago. Observations were performed 120 hours after treatment. The results showed that there was an effect of the length of observation time and concentration on the mortality of H. hampei (GLM Test α= 5%). The time of observation and concentration of A. falcataria sawdust n-hexane extract has positive correlation on H. hampei mortality. Therefore, the longer the treatment time, the more H. hampei mortality is increased. The mortality of H. hampei also increased with increasing concentration given. At a concentration of 4%, extract of A. falcataria sawdust has high toxicity which causes the highest mortality (> 92%).