Progresses in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass using Saccharomyces cerevisiae by fermentation engineering

Ethanol fermentation is a biological procedure which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products. Since yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation is generally considered to be an anaerobic process. Ethanol fermentation has many uses, including the production of alcoholic beverages, the production of ethanol fuel, and bread making. The increasing demand for biofuels around the globe has also prompted the necessity to seek other means to meet the demands. In this review, the general ideologies, methodologies, general chemistry and biochemistry and conditions of the production of ethanol by fermentation engineering using Saccharomyces cerevisiae are highlighted. The quest to reduce pressure on staple foods has necessitated the attention now given to the use of lignocellulose biomass, despite the complexity of the process. It concludes by suggesting ways to improve yield and commercialization of the use of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol fermentation.

The Expansion of Lignocellulose Biomass Conversion Into Bioenergy via Nanobiotechnology

Lignocellulosic biomass has arisen as a solution to our energy and environmental challenges because it is rich in feedstock that can be converted to biofuels. Converting lignocellulosic biomass to sugar is a complicated system involved in the bioconversion process. There are indeed a variety of techniques that have been utilized in the bioconversion process consisting of physical, chemical, and biological approaches. However, most of them have drawbacks when used on a large scale, which include the high cost of processing, the development of harmful inhibitors, and the detoxification of the inhibitors that have been produced. These constraints, taken together, hinder the effectiveness of current solutions and demand for the invention of a new, productive, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable technique for LB processing. In this context, the approach of nanotechnology utilizing various nanomaterials and nanoparticles in treating lignocellulose biomass and bioenergy conversion has achieved increased interest and has been explored greatly in recent times. This mini review delves into the application of nanotechnological techniques in the bioconversion of lignocellulose biomass into bioenergy. This review on nanotechnological application in biomass conversion provides insights and development tools for the expansion of new sectors, resulting in excellent value and productivity, contributing to the long-term economic progress.

Lignocellulisic Nanopouros Carbon Materials for Fuel Cells

Studies have shown that high-efficiency micro- and mesoporous activated carbon with high added value can be obtained on the basis of lignocellulose biomass in a three-stage thermochemical process. A methodology has been developed for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped activated carbon by synthesis with dicyandiamide in dimethylformamide suspension as a raw material using wood, its processing residues and wood char.