Progresses in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass using Saccharomyces cerevisiae by fermentation engineering

Ethanol fermentation is a biological procedure which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products. Since yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation is generally considered to be an anaerobic process. Ethanol fermentation has many uses, including the production of alcoholic beverages, the production of ethanol fuel, and bread making. The increasing demand for biofuels around the globe has also prompted the necessity to seek other means to meet the demands. In this review, the general ideologies, methodologies, general chemistry and biochemistry and conditions of the production of ethanol by fermentation engineering using Saccharomyces cerevisiae are highlighted. The quest to reduce pressure on staple foods has necessitated the attention now given to the use of lignocellulose biomass, despite the complexity of the process. It concludes by suggesting ways to improve yield and commercialization of the use of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol fermentation.

The sanitary and forensic importance for the Piophilidae Family (Insecta: Diptera)

The objective of this paper is to describe the medical, veterinary, sanitary, and forensic importance for the Piophilidae family (Insecta: Diptera). The research describes studies related to quantitative taxonomic and conceptual aspects. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1957 to 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, Academia.edu, Frontiers, ResearchGate, Biological Abstract, Publons, Qeios, Pubmed, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science, ERIC, Science Research.com, SEEK education, Periodicals CAPES, Google Academic, Bioline International, VADLO, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Medline, LIS and Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences.

Study of the biology and ecology of the Muscidae Family (Insecta: Diptera): Collections

Adults can be predators, hematophagous and detritivores or feed on numerous types of exudates from plants or animals. They can be attracted to various substances including sugars, sweets, tears, and blood. Larvae appear in a variety of habitats, including decaying vegetation or animals, dry or moist soil, insect, or bird nests, fresh or stagnant water, and droppings. The objective of the mini review consists of bibliographical research on the muscoid dipterans of the Family Muscidae. The research was carried out in studies related to quantitative aspects of the Family and Species (taxonomic groups) and in conceptual. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1971 to 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from August to September 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, https://goo.gl/gLTTTs and https://www.growkudos.com/register. Although some species are very common worldwide, such as the housefly and the stablefly due to their synanthropy, most species do not have this behavior, so they are restricted to some territorial areas, sometimes-small dimension.

Evaluation of insulin resistance and its associated risk factors: Identification of adolescents at higher risk for diabetes

Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic diseases. It is a decrease response to the effect of the hormone, mainly by the liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissues. Despite its widely reported prevalence among the elderly, information on its prevalence among adolescents is relatively limited. The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of insulin resistance and its contributing risk factors among the students of a tertiary institutions in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A total of 260 students who consented to the study were recruited, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting blood insulin (FBI) levels were determined, anthropometric data were collected using meter rule, flexible tape and digital scale for calculation of body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (WHR). A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and information on lifestyle. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were also measured. The findings showed a 5.4% prevalence of insulin resistance with more in males than in females. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics were found to positively correlate with HOMA-IR. A strong association (p < 0.05) was observed between HOMA-IR and lifestyle. The differences in the levels of HOMA-IR within and between the various groups of participants were not statistically significant (p > 0.05) except in gender. The findings of this study may have potential implications with regards to strategies for amelioration and prevention of insulin resistance amongst adolescents.

Study of the characteristics of the Glossinidae family (Muscoidea, Oestroidea)

Oestridae is a family of flies, which includes species whose larvae are internal parasites of several species of mammals. Some species settle in the host's flesh, while others occur in the viscera. This study objective to report the characteristics of the Glossinidae Family. The research was carried out in studies related to quantitative aspects of the Family, Subfamily and Species (taxonomic groups) and conceptual aspects such as: biology, geographical distribution, species, life cycle, damage, laboratory creation, economic importance, medicinal importance, biological aspects, monitoring, control, and reproduction. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1950 to 2021. The mini-review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, Pubmed, Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Biological Abstract, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, and Pubmed, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science, ERIC, Science Research.com, SEEK education, Periódicos CAPES, Google Academic, Bioline International and VADLO.

The use of different concentrations of Nickel and Lead for the inhibition growth of some types of soil microorganisms

Three types of Mycorrhiza has been chosen R. rosulus, S. varigatus and P. involutus in removing and lowering the ascending concentration of nickel and lead elements during three incubation and contact periods (5,7 and 10 days), and comparing the isolated growth with control sample. Type of P. involutus is the most efficient in the removal by observing the growth of isolates by increasing it's diameter compared to the control samples and the concentration of nickel and lead, and for all the days of incubation, while the type S. varigatus was the highest growth at low concentration of nickel and lead only for all periods of incubation, for type R. rosulus, the diameter was smaller as compared to control samples and for all elements concentration of nickel and lead, except at concentration (2.5ppm), which showed increase in diameter for nickel, and is generally observed increase diameters of the isolates of the three types by increasing periods of incubation and all elemental concentrations of nickel and lead, and this increase is less than at high concentrations of these elements and of all species studied.

Stakeholder analysis to increase community participation in strengthening rural government (Case Study: Usto Village, Mare Subdistrict, Bone Regency)

The rural government spearheads development in villages and remote areas, where the area is very difficult to reach. In order for rural development to be realized and achieve the goal, the level of community participation becomes an important and inseparable part. This community participation determines a plan or programs in the village. In order for community participation related to rural development, the position and role of various stakeholders are well understood. The purpose of this research is to analyze the position and role of stakeholders in the development of Usto Village, Mare Subdistrict of Bone Regency. The research method used is quantitative method. The type of data used in the study is primary data sourced from respondents' answers with the number of respondents is as many as 5 people who are expert respondents. The data collection method used by this research data is a survey method with structured interview techniques. Data analysis method is carried out with ISM analysis (Interpretive Structural Modeling) with the help of PROFESSIONAL ISM software 2.0. Research results obtained; 1) Stakeholders in the development of Usto Village include; Village Head, Village Apparatus, BPD, Fishermen's Group, Pond Cultivator Group, Seaweed Cultivation Group, Farmers Group, Breeder Group, Karang Taruna and Ta'lim Assembly (DKM). 2) Stakeholders in the development of Usto village are spread in 3 quadrants, namely; Quadrant IV (A1: Village Chief), Quadrant III (A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A9, and A10), and Quadrant II (A8: Breeders Group). 3) A key stakeholder in increasing community participation for the development of Usto Village is the Village Head (A1).

Determinant of placement on the performance of the civil servant apparatus (ASN) in the mare subdistrict of bone regency

The right man in the right place and the right man behind the right job. The placement of employees becomes very important to improve employee performance including ASN in the government office of Mare Subdistrict, Bone Regency. The purpose of the study is to see the influence or role of employee placement factors on the performance of ASN employees. Apakh has a significant influence. The research was conducted on a number of ASNs in the government office of Mare District of Bone Regency. The method of data collection is done by saturated survey method (census). The method of data analysis is to use a hypothesis test, which is a t-test to see the influence of independent variables, namely placement (X) on dependent variables, namely ASN performance (Y). The results of the study obtained that the placement factor had a significant effect (real) on the performance of ASN in the District Office mare Bone Regency. This is evident from the results of the t test where the placement variable (X) has a significance value (Sig.=0.001<0.05) and is also shown from a t-calculated value (4.015) greater than the value of t-table (1,667).

Evaluation of the impact of effective management practices in mitigating the toxicity symptoms of pesticides preparation and storage in Kebbi State, Nigeria

The study Evaluated the Impact of Effective Management Practices in Mitigating the Toxicity Symptoms of Pesticides Preparation, Storage and Application in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Structured Questionnaires were used to obtained information from the respondents. Descriptive statistics comprising frequency distribution tables and percentages and were used for Data Analysis. Likert scale was used to determine farmer’s perception on the toxicity symptoms of pesticides of pesticides preparation, storage and application employed by farmers when handling pesticides. The result of the study showed that majority of the respondents (90%) were male while female formed the minority in pesticide usage with only (10%). The study also showed that all the respondents (100%) were married and engaged in agricultural activities. The study further revealed that all the respondents never had any formal training on the use of pesticide from either governmental or non -governmental organizations. The research study also found out that all (100%) of the respondents were not aware of the toxicity of pesticides during preparation, storage and application. Likert Scale Analysis showed a negative perception by farmers on awareness of pesticide toxicity during preparation, storage and application. On perception of the respondents on the toxicity of pesticides during preparation, storage and application, the study revealed that Nausea, Dizziness, Diarrhea, Respiratory Difficulty, Skin Irritation, Rashes, Fever, Peeling of the Skin, Vomiting, and Headache were the serious toxicity effects of pesticide. It is concluded that respondents had negative perception on pesticide management of toxicity of pesticides during preparation, storage and application. It is therefore recommended that appropriate authorities should enforce the use of protective clothing, appropriate equipment and correct handling practices when using pesticides. Existing pesticide regulations and monitoring policies should be enforced. Government should also intensify efforts at registering and controlling distribution of pesticides and banning hazardous ones. It should also enforce the making of less toxic pesticides available to farmers.

The implementation of evidence-based infection prevention in healthcare facilities in Egypt: A systematic literature review

The idea of searching: This study tends to assess the impact of implementing evidence-based infection prevention in healthcare facilities in Egypt, with the aim of improving surveillance systems and altering the facility designs according to the data acquired on HAIs patterns. Background: Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are becoming one of the major concerns for the patients and healthcare providers leading to significant increase in mortality rates, morbidity rates and financial losses for healthcare organizations. The incidence rate of HAI in Egypt was as recorded as 3.7% recently. Certain environmental interventions, implemented during construction of the healthcare facility could lead to enhanced prevention against the transmission and spread of the HAIs. Studies revealed that the integration of Surveillance programs could provide evidence for the designers to alter the healthcare facility design with the aim of infection prevention. Therefore, EBD approach is used to potentially measure psychological and physical effects of the environment design of a health facility on the patients and hospital staff. Methodology: Previous scientific literature is assessed to collect the relevant data which is then organized and analyzed in this study. A systematic review is generated based on the analytical outcomes of the selected data. Conclusion: EBD approach has the potential to prominently decrease HAIs burden in Egyptian healthcare facilities as it provides a diverse insight into the layout, equipment, and materials that contribute in the transmission of pathogens due to faulty design. Findings and recommendations: In order to improve the poor indoor quality by MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing), previous studies have also indicated certain solutions including advancements in private room, improved surface selections, isolation, integration of touchless systems, and enhanced ventilation systems that must be applied in the healthcare facilities in Egypt for infection prevention.