Comparison of Knowledge and Attitude regarding Reproductive Health between Adolescent Girls of Urban and Rural Schools in West Bengal

Introduction: Adolescents can be key driving forces in building a future of dignity for all. They are an important resource for any country. Reproductive health covers all aspects of adolescent health. In order to lead healthy, responsible, and fulfilling lives, and to protect themselves from reproductive health problems, youngsters need adequate information about the physical and psychological changes that take place during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth. Methods: A comparative survey was conducted among 90 randomly selected adolescent girls from urban and rural schools of Bankura, West Bengal. Information was collected by administering structured knowledge questionnaire and 5-point attitude rating scale. Results: The findings revealed that 46.67% of girls from urban school and 51.11% of girls from rural school had excellent knowledge score and 65.56% of adolescent girls from urban school had positive and 61.11% of girls from rural school had fair attitude score towards reproductive health. There was no significant difference in knowledge score (t = -0.555 at p > 0.580) but significant difference in attitude score (t = 4.98 at p < 0.00) was there. There was a weak positive correlation found between knowledge and attitude scores of adolescent girls in both urban (r = 0.46) and rural (r = 0.335) schools. No significant association was found between knowledge and attitude scores and demographic characteristics of adolescent girls in both schools. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a gap in the level of attitude of adolescent girls of urban and rural schools. So there is a need to educate adolescent girls regarding some aspects of reproductive health.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge of Women regarding use of Zinc Supplementation with ORS in Managing Diarrhoea in a Selected Rural Community in Bhopal

Background:Diarrhoea is the third most common reason for youth mortality in India. More than 2 million kids die because of loose bowels and parchedness consistently. Diarrhoeal sickness causes hefty monetary pressure on the healthcare administration. Much consideration has been given to diarrhoeal sickness and its administration in the course of this decade. Oral rehydration strategy and zinc supplementation have proved to be extremely helpful in this aspect. Methods: A descriptive approach has been utilised to evaluate the knowledge of women in regards to the use of zinc supplementation with ORS in overseeing diarrhoea. Purposive sampling procedure was used to choose 100 mothers. The researcher assessed the knowledge of the study subjects regarding the advantages of zinc with ORS using a structured knowledge questionnaire. The gathered information was assessed by graphic and inferential measurements. Results: 63% of women got average score and 1% of women obtained very good score, 2% of women obtained poor score and not even a single woman got very poor score. The mean knowledge score of women regarding the benefits of zinc with ORS in managing diarrhoea was 17.24. Conclusion: Women are the greatest health workers who make all the possible efforts to provide their families with everything. If women possess the required knowledge, they themselves would leave no stone unturned to use the various preventive measures and get rid of diarrhoea for the health of their family members. So, the knowledge of women related to health services needs to be updated and improved.

Effectiveness of Teaching Programme on Knowledge of GNM - II Year Students regarding Prevention of Needle Stick Injuries at Ancillary Medical Training School, Shireen Bagh, Srinagar

Background: Though mostly needle stick injuries cause just minor trauma and bleeding, yet, even without trauma and bleeding, the danger of contamination and infection remains. Thus, a needle stick injury may represent a hazard for a patient if the injured health professional carries hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus or human immunodeficiency virus. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of teaching programme on knowledge of GNM-II year students regarding prevention of needle stick injuries at Ancillary Medical Training School, Shireen Bagh, Srinagar. Methods: In this study, a total of 50 GNM - II year students were included fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire was used as the research tool. Demographic variables such as place of residence, educational status of father, educational status of mother, occupation of father, occupation of mother, and previous exposure to information related to needle stick injuries were obtained. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that there was a statistically significant association between the pre-test knowledge scores of study subjects with and previous exposure to information (p = 0.007) while no significant association was found between the pre-test knowledge scores of study subjects and other demographic variables like residence (p = 0.785), educational status of father (p = 0.435), educational status of mother (p = 0.345), occupation of father (p = 0.851) and occupation of mother (p = 0.881). Conclusion: This study reveals the importance of educational programmes, skill training programmes, conferences, workshops and educational meetings to enhance the nursing students’ knowledge regarding the prevention of needle stick injuries.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Demonstration Method on Knowledge regardingNeonatal Care among Primi Postnatal Mothersin Selected CHC of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

Background: This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of demonstration method on knowledge regarding neonatal care among primi postnatal mothers. Method: An experimental research approach was used to determine the effectiveness of demonstration method on the level of knowledge regarding neonatal care among primi postnatal mothers in selected CHC, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The sample consisted of 60 primi postnatal mothers who met the sampling criteria. The participants were interviewed using structured questionnaires with multiple items including socio-demographic profile, parity, and gestational age at initial antenatal care, knowledge regarding neonatal care, thermoregulation, eye care, and skin care. A pre and post-test were used to assess their knowledge regarding neonatal care. Result: The pre-test showed that most of the respondents (42 (70%)) had inadequate knowledge, 13 (21.66%) respondents had moderate knowledge, and only 5 (8.33%) mothers had adequate knowledge. After educational intervention, the level of knowledge of mothers increased, i.e. about 36 (60%) respondents gained adequate knowledge regarding neonatal care while 16 (26.66%) acquired a moderate level of knowledge. Conclusion: The study proved that demonstration method can be useful to primi postnatal mothers for increasing their knowledge regarding neonatal care.

A Study to Assess the Impact of Self-instructional Module on Knowledge among Adolescent Students regarding First Aid Measures for Selected Emergencies in a Selected Higher Secondary School, Devsar, Kulgam

Introduction: First aid is an important life-saving skill that everybody should know. As young people move towards independence and take on responsibilities in their own lives, they should know how to help others, whether it is a family member, friend or fellow citizen. While there are moves underway to introduce first aid training into the secondary school curriculum, there are other ways to give our kids and ourselves at least an elementary knowledge of the first aid basics. This study intended to assess the impact of a self-instructional module on knowledge among adolescent students regarding first aid measures for selected emergencies in a selected higher secondary school of Devsar, Kulgam. Method: A quantitative methodology was used with a pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design on a convenient sample of 50 adolescent students. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Result: Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data analysis through SPSS-16 version by using t-test exposed significant difference (21.18) and p < 0.001 amongst pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of respondents. Conclusion: Thus the study revealed a substantial increase in knowledge scores amongst adolescent students regarding first aid measures for selected emergencies after administration of the self-instructional module.

Assessment of Knowledge and Practice regarding Blood Transfusion among Staff Nurses

Background: Blood transfusion is the transfusing of a compatible donor’s whole blood or any of its components to the recipient to correct/ treat any related clinical condition. The transfusion of blood products is essential for restoring the body’s oxygen transport capacity, or replenishing lost or depleted blood components in various medical conditions. Objectives: To assess knowledge and practice score regarding blood transfusion among staff nurses and to identify the association of knowledge score and practice score with selected demographic variables. Methodology: A descriptive research design that involved convenience sampling technique to collect data from the 60 staff nurses working at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir, using a “self-structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist”. Results: The study revealed that most of the staff nurses, i.e. 53.3%, had fair knowledge, 41.7% had poor knowledge, and only 5% of staff nurses had good knowledge regarding blood transfusion. The mean ± SD knowledge score of the staff nurses was 23.516 ± 4.59. Most of the staff nurses, i.e. 66.7%, had satisfactory practice, and 33.3% had unsatisfactory practice. The mean ± SD practice score of staff nurses regarding blood transfusion was 49.26 ± 6.40. A statistically significant association was found between nurses’ knowledge and demographic variables viz., age, professional qualification, clinical experience, the approximate number of blood transfusions performed in past 6 months, and in-service training programme attended regarding blood transfusion, and practice with demographic variables, viz., gender and clinical experience at p ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that deficiency of knowledge among nurses regarding blood transfusion threatens patients’ safety, and may also put patients in life-threatening conditions.

Effect of Video Assisted Teaching on Knowledge of BSc Nursing Students regarding Renal Dialysis for Chronic Renal Failure Patients

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of video assisted teaching on the knowledge gain of BSc Nursing students on renal dialysis for chronic renal failure patients. Methods: An experimental design was chosen with pre test and post test of experimental and control group. The sample size was 60 registered BSc Nursing students divided into two groups - 30 in the experimental and 30 in the control group. The tools used for conducting the study included demographic variables, self structured questionnaire to assess knowledge of experimental and control group. The experimental group was given video- assisted teaching as an intervention and the control group was used for comparison only. The data were analysed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The study clearly shows that there was a significant gain in knowledge of BSc Nursing students in experimental group with video assisted teaching which emphasises that renal dialysis for chronic renal failure patients is good for their health. Conclusion: The BSc Nursing students can be benefited with video assisted teaching to improve knowledge and practice on renal dialysis for Chronic Renal Failure Patients and they can practice these interventions in clinical area in future.

Effectiveness of Psychoeducation Programme on Knowledge of Schizophrenia among Care Givers of the Patients with Schizophrenia, Admitted in Selected Hospital of SGR

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the commonly occurring disorders, often causing a high degree of disability to the patients, as well as being stressful to the caregivers. Many people are still unaware that there are effective treatments for schizophrenia. A combination of regular medication, family education and support reduce the relapse rate from 50% to 60%. Psychoeducation interventions provide information to patients and their families as well as provide the tools necessary to cope with the disorder. Aim: The study aimed to find the efficacy of psycho-education on knowledge regarding schizophrenia among care givers of patients by conducting pretest before intervention and posttest after intervention. Methods: Pre-experimental one group pre-test and posttest design was used for this study. The sample of 50 care givers were selected using purposive sampling technique consists of care givers of schizophrenia patients admitted in psychiatric ward. The study was conducted at the selected state govt. hospital IMHANS Srinagar J&K India. Data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire. The researcher first explained the aim of the evaluation and invited family members to take part. After consenting to participate in the study, family members were assessed in group of twenty five. Result: mean knowledge score at pre-test was 8.94+5.101 and 27.66+1.814 at post test. There was significant difference in knowledge scores of pre-test and post-test p<0.001).There was no significant association between knowledge score and demographic variables. Conclusion: There was significant gain in knowledge score of care givers. The study concluded that psycho education was effective in increasing the knowledge of care givers of schizophrenia patients. Psycho education of the family members is the key to understand about the illness and provide better care to the patient.

Venture Planning

Venture management is a business management discipline that focuses on being both innovative and challenging in the realm of introducing what could be a completely new product or entering a promising newly emerging market. The discipline is focused on the skills, practices and technology required to manage the rapid growth of new business in highly dynamic environments. These environments are often characterized by rapid technology change.

Knowledge Assessment of BSc Nursing 4th Year Students about Breathing Exercises during First Stage of Labour

Background: For a woman, labour is both the most exciting and the most traumatic experience. Women have varying pain thresholds and deal with pre-labour anxiety in various ways. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of BSc Nursing students about breathing exercises that can be done during the first stage of labour. Methods: An experimental research design with one group pre- and post-test was selected. The sample size was 30 BSc Nursing 4th year students. Demographic data, as well as a self-structured questionnaire was used to assess their level of knowledge regarding breathing exercises. Result and Conclusion: The post-test knowledge scores o the participants were better than the pre-test knowledge scores. Thus the study clearly shows that there was a significant gain in the knowledge of BSc Nursing students after the interventions on breathing exercise during the first stage of labour.