Adaptive biased-coin designs for skewing the allocation proportion in clinical trials with normal responses

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2477-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Atkinson ◽  
A. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Biased Coin

Generalized Efron's biased coin design and its theoretical properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Hu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Convergence Rate ◽  
Biased Coin Design ◽  
Target Ratio ◽  
Allocation Ratio ◽  
Target Allocation ◽  
Biased Coin

Abstract In clinical trials with two treatment arms, Efron's biased coin design, Efron (1971), sequentially assigns a patient to the underrepresented arm with probability p > ½. Under this design the proportion of patients in any arm converges to ½, and the convergence rate is n-1, as opposed to n-½ under some other popular designs. The generalization of Efron's design to K ≥ 2 arms and an unequal target allocation ratio (q1, . . ., qK) can be found in some papers, most of which determine the allocation probabilities ps in a heuristic way. Nonetheless, it has been noted that by using inappropriate ps, the proportion of patients in the K arms never converges to the target ratio. We develop a general theory to answer the question of what allocation probabilities ensure that the realized proportions under a generalized design still converge to the target ratio (q1, . . ., qK) with rate n-1.

Bayesian Adaptive Biased-Coin Designs for Clinical Trials with Normal Responses

Biometrics ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Atkinson ◽  
Atanu Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Biased Coin
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