British Policy, 1917–1935

1979 ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
B. N. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
British Policy

The “Caliphate Question”

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Omar Khan
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Arab World ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
British Foreign Policy ◽  
The First World War ◽  
British Policy ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
First World

This paper examines British approaches to the caliphate from the beginning of the First World War to the aftermath of its dissolution in 1924. Background will be given as to how the Islamic conception of the caliphate shifted over time. British use of the caliphate as a political tool in the nineteenth century is also examined, especially with regards to how strong British-Ottoman ties prior to the First World War affected India’s Muslims. The primary focus, however, will be on British ties with King Hussein of the Hejaz. British suggestions of an Arab caliphate encouraged the idea that Hussein should assume the title of caliph, which would later be a cause of agitation and concern for British policy in the British Empire. This is especially true with regards to India, as fear of Indo-Muslim opinion would deeply influence British policy when it came to the Ottoman Empire’s position in the post-bellum period. With the creation of the Turkish Republic and the subsequent disestablishment of the Ottoman caliphate, Hussein, sharif of the Hejaz, would officially announce his claim to the title. This dismayed the British foreign policy establishment, which strove to avoid suggestions of complicity lest further anti-British activity be encouraged in India. Eventually, the end of Hussein would come from Ibn Saud, his principle rival in the Arab world. Despite Hussein’s status as a British ally, the widespread anger against him in the Islamic world over the caliphate would persuade the British to distance themselves from him and his religious pretensions.

Retreat from China: British Policy in the Far East, 1937-1941. Nicholas R. Clifford

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Robert Joseph Gowen
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
The Far East ◽  
British Policy
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