J2 Film Condensation of Binary Mixtures with and without Inert Gas

Complete condensation of binary mixtures of R11-R114 refrigerants is experimentally and theoretically studied. The test apparatus consists of two concentric tubes, with the vapor mixture flowing downward in the inner tube and the cooling water in the annular space in countercurrent direction. The composition of the binary-component mixtures is varied. An empirical equation is derived to correlate condensation heat transfer performance. A semitheoretical model is developed to predict laminar- and turbulent-film condensation on a vertical surface. Theory compares well with experiments. The vapor-coolant temperature difference remains practically constant throughout the entire flow passage, thus reducing the exergy loss to a minimum. The device is particularly attractive in extracting the available energy from geothermal and ocean thermal energy sources.

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Interface temperature and heat transfer in forced convection laminar film condensation of binary mixtures

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer ◽

10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.10.007 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 49 (3-4) ◽

pp. 805-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

K. Stephan

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Forced Convection ◽

Binary Mixtures ◽

Film Condensation ◽

Interface Temperature ◽

Laminar Film ◽

Laminar Film Condensation

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Separation of binary mixtures by dense membrane processes: influence of inert gas entrance under variable downstream pressure conditions

Chemical Engineering Science ◽

10.1016/s0009-2509(03)00153-2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 58 (13) ◽

pp. 2767-2775 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cécile Vallieres ◽

Eric Favre ◽

Xavier Arnold ◽

Denis Roizard

Keyword(s):

Binary Mixtures ◽

Inert Gas ◽

Membrane Processes ◽

Dense Membrane

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Detailed modeling of laminar film condensation from zeotropic binary mixtures in a vertical tube

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer ◽

10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.122440 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 186 ◽

pp. 122440

Author(s):

Q.T. Le ◽

S.J. Ormiston ◽

H.M. Soliman

Keyword(s):

Binary Mixtures ◽

Vertical Tube ◽

Film Condensation ◽

Laminar Film ◽

Laminar Film Condensation

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Concentration Fluctuations in Binary Mixtures of Inert-Gas Fluids

Physics and Chemistry of Liquids ◽

10.1080/00319108508081002 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 41-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. J. Gallego ◽

J. A. Somoza ◽

J. A. Alonso

Keyword(s):

Binary Mixtures ◽

Concentration Fluctuations ◽

Inert Gas

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Fission Gas Bubbles in Fractured UO2

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100101177 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 286-287

Author(s):

O. M. Katz

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermal Gradient ◽

Gas Bubbles ◽

Inert Gas ◽

Thermal Gradients ◽

Fission Gas ◽

Beam Heating ◽

Limited Application ◽

Bubble Characteristics ◽

Electron Beam Heating

The swelling of irradiated UO2 has been attributed to the migration and agglomeration of fission gas bubbles in a thermal gradient. High temperatures and thermal gradients obtained by electron beam heating simulate reactor behavior and lead to the postulation of swelling mechanisms. Although electron microscopy studies have been reported on UO2, two experimental procedures have limited application of the results: irradiation was achieved either with a stream of inert gas ions without fission or at depletions less than 2 x 1020 fissions/cm3 (∼3/4 at % burnup). This study was not limited either of these conditions and reports on the bubble characteristics observed by transmission and fractographic electron microscopy in high density (96% theoretical) UO2 irradiated between 3.5 and 31.3 x 1020 fissions/cm3 at temperatures below l600°F. Preliminary results from replicas of the as-polished and etched surfaces of these samples were published.

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