Effects of lipid-modification on catecholamine fluxes and ATPase activity in storage vesicles from the adrenal medulla

1974 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Taugner ◽  
A. W�hler
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Lipid Modification ◽  
Storage Vesicles ◽  
Catecholamine Fluxes

scholarly journals The effect of salts on catecholamine fluxes and adenosine triphosphatase activity in storage vesicles from the adrenal medulla

1971 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Taugner
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity ◽  
Storage Vesicles ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
Catecholamine Fluxes ◽  
Net Release

1. Influx and efflux of catecholamine and adenosine triphosphatase activity in storage vesicles from the adrenal medulla were studied with dl-[14C]adrenaline in different media. 2. The lowest values for flux and adenosine triphosphatase activity were observed in sucrose media in which an ATP-dependent influx of catecholamine compensated for an efflux of the same magnitude. Efflux in the presence or absence of ATP was similar. 3. In media containing sodium succinate or glutarate adenosine triphosphatase activity was higher and the ATP-dependent influx of catecholamine was about twice that observed in iso-osmotic sucrose medium. In the presence of ATP influx and efflux of catecholamine were balanced; in its absence there was a net release of catecholamine, since efflux was more than twice the influx. Efflux in the presence or absence of ATP was similar. 4. In media containing sodium or potassium chloride and in the presence of ATP influx and adenosine triphosphatase activity were further enhanced, but in the absence of ATP there was no further increase in influx, since catecholamine was released with or without ATP at the same rate. Efflux was therefore twice as high in the presence of ATP as in its absence. 5. Sodium nitrate suppressed the ATP-dependent influx nearly completely, but caused a greatly enhanced efflux, which was twice as high in the presence of ATP as in its absence. 6. The extinction of vesicular suspensions remained unchanged in the presence of ATP under conditions where the catecholamine efflux was balanced by the influx. Under conditions where the efflux was not compensated by influx, the extinction of the suspensions decreased in the presence of ATP more than in its absence.

scholarly journals The effects of univalent anions on catecholamine fluxes and adenosine triphosphatase activity in storage vesicles from the adrenal medulla

1972 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Taugner
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity ◽  
Bovine Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Storage Vesicles ◽  
Dependent Sequence ◽  
Catecholamine Fluxes

1. Influx and efflux of catecholamine and adenosine triphosphatase activity were studied in storage vesicles of bovine adrenal medulla. 2. In the absence of ATP the influx of catecholamine was slow and was not influenced by various anions, whereas the efflux increased in the sequence of anions given by the lyotrophic series. 3. In the presence of ATP the efflux was enhanced compared with that in the absence of ATP; the anion-dependent sequence, however, in which the efflux increased was the same as in the absence of ATP. 4. The ATP-dependent catecholamine influx and the adenosine triphosphatase activity are correlated. The sequence in which anions affect adenosine triphosphatase activity and catecholamine influx, however, is completely different from the lyotrophic anion series. 5. No correlation was found between adenosine triphosphatase activity and the efflux of catecholamine.

Chromogranin A, dopamine β-hydroxylase and secretion from the adrenal medulla

1971 ◽  
Vol 261 (839) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Neural Stimulation ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Vesicle Membrane ◽  
The Past ◽  
Storage Vesicles ◽  
Experimental Approaches

Studies of the biosynthesis, storage and secretion of catecholamines by the adrenal medulla have served as models for similar studies of the adrenergic neuron. For example, the synthesis of noradrenaline and the intracellular distribution of the biosynthetic enzymes was first described in the adrenal medulla and subsequently shown to be the same in sympathetic nerves (Blaschko 1939; Kirshner 1957, 1959; Levin, Levenberg & Kaufman i960; Potter & Axelrod 1963; Nagatsu, Levitt & Udenfriend 1964; Stjarne & Lishajko 1966; Oka et al. 1967; Musacchio 1968; Laduron & Belpaire 1968). The storage vesicles of the adrenal medulla have counterparts in the synaptic vesicles (Blaschko & Welch 1953; Hillarp, Lagerstedt & Nilson 1953; von Euler & Hillarp 1956; Schumann 1958) and the incorporation of catecholamines into the storage vesicles, and the storage complex itself, seems to be similar in both tissues, (Kirshner 1962; Carlsson, Hillarp & Waldeck 1963; von Euler & Lishajko 1963; von Euler, Lishajko & Stjarne 1963; Stjarne 1964). Recently it has been demonstrated that proteins specifically localized in the storage vesicles of the adrenal medulla are also present in the storage vesicles of sympathetic nerve endings (Hopwood 1967, 1968; Geffen, Livett & Rush 1969; Banks, Helle & Major 1969; de Potter, de Schaepdryver, Moerman & Smith 1969). There are obvious differences between the two types of vesicles (Stjarne 1964; Potter 1967), but the similarities are such as to suggest that the vesicles from both tissues serve the same physiological functions—to synthesize and store adrenaline or noradrenaline and to release these compounds in response to neural stimulation. Secretion from the adrenal medulla appears to be a good model for release of neurotransmitters at synapses in the sense that it provides and suggests experimental approaches to the problem (Geffen et al. 1969; de Potter et al. 1969). In general, the secretion of substances which are synthesized in cells and stored in subcellular organelles have many features in common (Douglas 1968; Stormorken 1969) and release of neurotransmitters at synapses may be another example of this generalized biological process. During the past few years, evidence has been presented from several laboratories that secretion from the adrenal medulla occurs by exocytosis. The simultaneous release of catecholamines, adenine nucleotides, chromogranins and soluble dopamine β-hydroxylase contained within the storage vesicles and the retention of dopamine-β- hydroxylase firmly bound to the vesicle membrane have provided critical information on this secretory process.

scholarly journals The effect of a cross-bridging thiol reagent on the catecholamine fluxes of adrenal medulla vesicles

1970 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hasselbach ◽  
G. Taugner
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity ◽  
Bovine Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Thiol Reagent ◽  
Catecholamine Fluxes

The thiol groups of the vesicular protein of bovine adrenal medulla were allowed to react with the bifunctional thiol reagent bis-(N-maleimidomethyl) ether and with the monofunctional thiol reagent N-ethylmaleimide, and the ATP-dependent and -independent catecholamine fluxes of the modified preparations were studied. 1. During the initial phase of the reaction bis-(N-maleimidomethyl) ether blocks twice as many thiol groups as does N-ethylmaleimide at equimolar concentrations. 2. Labelling of the bis-(N-maleimidomethyl) ether–protein compound with [14C]-cysteine shows that 70–80% of the blocked thiol groups are interconnected by the bifunctional thiol reagent. 3. At a low extent of reaction (1.5mol of thiol groups/106g of protein) the catecholamine efflux is diminished. If more than 2mol of thiol groups/106g of protein are blocked, the efflux is enhanced whichever thiol reagent is applied. 4. If 2–4mol of thiol groups/106g of protein are blocked the inhibition of the catecholamine influx increases linearly with the proportion of the thiol groups blocked. 5. ATP protects the catecholamine influx and the adenosine triphosphatase activity against bis-(N-maleimidomethyl) ether poisoning somewhat less effectively than against N-ethylmaleimide poisoning.

Kinetic studies on soluble and membrane-bound dopamineβ-hydroxylase isolated from storage vesicles of heart and adrenal medulla of different species

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 984-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. -E. Brodde ◽  
F. Arens ◽  
K. Huvermann ◽  
H. J. Schümann
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Storage Vesicles ◽  
Membrane Bound

The membrane of atecholamine storage vesicles of adrenal medulla

1972 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Taugner
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Storage Vesicles

The membrane of the catecholamine storage vesicles of the adrenal medulla

Histochemie ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Agostini ◽  
G. Taugner
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Storage Vesicles ◽  
Catecholamine Storage

CHANGES IN RAT ADRENAL MEDULLA FOLLOWING Δ9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL TREATMENT. A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bratati Biswas ◽  
G. Deb ◽  
J. J. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Catecholamine Content ◽  
Butyryl Cholinesterase ◽  
Chromaffin Tissue

ABSTRACT The effects of acute (10 mg/kg) and chronic (10 mg/kg for 30 days) administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) have been studied histochemically in the rat adrenal medulla, which include total catecholamines, noradrenaline, histometric measurements of adrenal medullary areas, calcium content of the medullary cells along with adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) activities. Acute Δ9-THC treatment reduced the total catecholamine content (including noradrenaline) of the gland, was accompanied by increased ATPase, AChE, BChE activities and increased calcium distribution in the gland. Chronic Δ9-THC treatment caused significant hypertrophy of the chromaffin tissue, with decreased total catecholamine content, although noradrenaline containing areas exhibited no notable change. The calcium content and ATPase activity were increased along with a concomitant increase in AChE and BChE activities. Although the changes in adrenal medullary enzyme activities following both acute and chronic Δ9-THC treatment are qualitatively similar, marked quantitative increase is noted in the chronically treated groups. The results indicate an increased total catecholamine releasing activity of the adrenal medulla following acute Δ9-THC treatment, while chronic Δ9-THC administration produces a preferential release of adrenaline.

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