Numerical integration over a surface in the finite-element method

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-706
Author(s):  
Yu. B. Gnuchii
Author(s):  
Shiro Kobayashi ◽  
Soo-Ik Oh ◽  
Taylan Altan

Numerical integration is an important part of the finite-element technique. As seen in Section 6.5 of Chap. 6, volume integrations as well as surface integrations should be carried out in order to represent the elemental stiffness equations in a simple matrix form. In deriving the variational principle, it is implicitly assumed that these integrations are exact. However, exact integrations of the terms included in the element matrices are not always possible. In the finite-element method, further approximations are made in the procedure for integration, which is summarized in this section. Numerical integration requires, in general, that the integrand be evaluated at a finite number of points, called Integration points, within the integration limits. The number of integration points can be reduced, while achieving the same degree of accuracy, by determining the locations of integration points selectively. In evaluating integration in the stiffness matrices, it is necessary to use an integration formula that requires the least number of integrand evaluations. Since the Gaussian quadrature is known to require the minimum number of integration points, we use the Gaussian quadrature formula almost exclusively to carry out the numerical integrations.


2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanmiao Chen ◽  
Michal Křížek ◽  
Liping Liu

AbstractPyramidal elements are often used to connect tetrahedral and hexahedral elements in the finite element method. In this paper we derive three new higher order numerical cubature formulae for pyramidal elements.


Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 20868-20875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxiong Guo ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Yuan Lin ◽  
Yu Tian ◽  
Jinxing Zhang ◽  
...  

We propose a graphene plasmonic infrared photodetector tuned by ferroelectric domains and investigate the interfacial effect using the finite element method.


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