Narratives of Girls and Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Gender Differences in Narrative Competence and Internal State Language

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 840-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kauschke ◽  
Bettina van der Beek ◽  
Inge Kamp-Becker
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Narrative Competence ◽  
Internal State Language ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
State Language

Gender differences in autism spectrum disorders: Divergence among specific core symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Beggiato ◽  
Hugo Peyre ◽  
Anna Maruani ◽  
Isabelle Scheid ◽  
Maria Rastam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Core Symptoms

Narrative competence and internal state language of children with Asperger Syndrome and ADHD

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Lena Rumpf ◽  
Inge Kamp-Becker ◽  
Katja Becker ◽  
Christina Kauschke
Keyword(s):  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Narrative Competence ◽  
Internal State Language ◽  
State Language

Gender differences in symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders in toddlers

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1465-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Sipes ◽  
Johnny L. Matson ◽  
Julie A. Worley ◽  
Alison M. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Gut Microbiota and Gender in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafail I. Kushak ◽  
Harland S. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gender Dimorphism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact

: Gender dimorphism in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is well known; however, the reasons for gender differences in autism are poorly understood. There are several hypotheses that might explain male prevalence in ASD including increased levels of androgens, “extreme male brain,” and a combination of elevated levels of prenatal testosterone in conjunction with prenatal stress. In this review, differences in the gut microbiome and metabolome in humans and animals are described to explain gender differences in individuals with ASD, effects on behavior and social interactions and the impact of antibiotics, probiotics and fecal transplants. The bidirectional relationship between sex hormones and intestinal microbiota could also be relevant. Such interactions have been described in autoimmune diseases, but thus far are not implicated in ASD. We hypothesize that similar cross-talk exists in ASD between gut microbiota and sex hormones. Since intestinal microbiota may affect behavior, it is possible that prevalence of ASD in boys may be associated with more significant changes in the intestinal microbiome than in affected girls.

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