Reaction time variability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: is increased reaction time variability specific to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Testing predictions from the default-mode interference hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Salum ◽  
João R. Sato ◽  
Arthur G. Manfro ◽  
Pedro M. Pan ◽  
Ary Gadelha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Interference Hypothesis ◽  
Mode Interference

Executive function in children with Tourette Syndrome and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Harris ◽  
Linda J. Schuerholz ◽  
Harvey S. Singer ◽  
Mark J. Reader ◽  
Janice E. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children

AbstractTourette Syndrome (TS) in children is associated with various neurobehavioral disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with TS and ADHD show some difficulties with neuropsychological tasks, but we do not know if children with TS alone have neuropsychological deficits. To assess specific cognitive differences among children with TS and/or ADHD, we administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, including 10 tasks related to executive function (EF), to 10 children with TS-only, 48 with ADHD-only, and 32 with TS+ADHD. Children in all groups could not efficiently produce output on a timed continuous performance task [Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) mean reaction time and reaction time variability]. Children with TS-only appeared to have fewer EF impairments and significantly higher perceptual organization scores than children with TS+ADHD or ADHD-only. These findings suggest that deficiencies in choice reaction time and consistency of timed responses are common to all three groups, but children with TS-only have relatively less EF impairment than children with TS+ADHD or ADHD-only. (JINS, 1995, 1, 511–516.)

scholarly journals Polygenic association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder liability and cognitive impairments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Vainieri ◽  
Joanna Martin ◽  
Anna-Sophie Rommel ◽  
Philip Asherson ◽  
Tobias Banaschewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Attention Regulation ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 12 independent loci significantly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Polygenic risk scores (PRS), derived from the GWAS, can be used to assess genetic overlap between ADHD and other traits. Using ADHD samples from several international sites, we derived PRS for ADHD from the recent GWAS to test whether genetic variants that contribute to ADHD also influence two cognitive functions that show strong association with ADHD: attention regulation and response inhibition, captured by reaction time variability (RTV) and commission errors (CE). Methods The discovery GWAS included 19 099 ADHD cases and 34 194 control participants. The combined target sample included 845 people with ADHD (age: 8–40 years). RTV and CE were available from reaction time and response inhibition tasks. ADHD PRS were calculated from the GWAS using a leave-one-study-out approach. Regression analyses were run to investigate whether ADHD PRS were associated with CE and RTV. Results across sites were combined via random effect meta-analyses. Results When combining the studies in meta-analyses, results were significant for RTV (R2 = 0.011, β = 0.088, p = 0.02) but not for CE (R2 = 0.011, β = 0.013, p = 0.732). No significant association was found between ADHD PRS and RTV or CE in any sample individually (p > 0.10). Conclusions We detected a significant association between PRS for ADHD and RTV (but not CE) in individuals with ADHD, suggesting that common genetic risk variants for ADHD influence attention regulation.

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