The interaction of d-amphetamine and naloxone differs for rats trained on separate fixed-interval or fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Andrews ◽  
Stephen G. Holtzman
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement

A Method for Illustrating the Continuity of Behavior during Schedules of Reinforcement

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Silva ◽  
Ruhiyyih Yuille ◽  
Lisa K. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Operant Behavior ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Assignment Of Credit ◽  
First Contact

In this article, we present a method for illustrating the continuity of behavior during schedules of reinforcement. Students experienced either a fixed-interval 15-sec schedule in which the first contact after 15 sec of a cursor on a computer screen with a 0.7-cm diameter virtual (invisible) target resulted in reinforcement (a beep) or a fixed-ratio 5 schedule in which every 5th contact with the target produced the reinforcer. In addition to illustrating the continuity of behavior, this method provides a means of exposing students to concepts and methods such as the acquisition of operant behavior, the assignment-of-credit problem, the organization of behavior across time, and the analysis of single-subject data.

scholarly journals Effects of vasopressin on multiple fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-534
Author(s):  
Steven L. Cohen ◽  
Martha Knight ◽  
Carol A. Tamminga ◽  
Thomas N. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement

Effects of Frequency and Specificity of Information Feedback on Acquisition and Extinction of a Positioning Task

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga S. Baird ◽  
Glenn H. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Partial Information ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Information Feedback ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Coarse Scale ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Facilitated Learning

An experiment designed to specify the process similarities of information feedback and reinforcement and to note the interaction of 2 major feedback variables on a simple positioning task. 80 students were randomly divided into 4 groups receiving either 25, 50, 75, or 100% schedules of feedback, analogous to fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. The 4 groups were further divided into 2 subgroups that differed in terms of specificity of feedback. Results indicated that when all Ss were provided the same number of feedbacks, the groups did not differ during acquisition. Groups with partial information feedback demonstrated greater resistance to extinction. The coarse-scale treatment facilitated learning but had no effect during extinction. There was no interaction between frequency and specificity of information.

Operant Conditioning of Virginia Opossum

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Cone ◽  
Donna M. Cone
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Water Reinforcement ◽  
Deprivation Schedule ◽  
Limited Hold ◽  
Virginia Opossum

Laboratory-raised Virginia opossum have been found to readily acquire a lever-press response for water reinforcement. Fixed ratio behavior is comparable to that observed in other species. Fixed interval behavior, however, tends to move fairly rapidly toward an economical response style in which very few responses are emitted per reinforcement. Neither introduction of limited hold procedures nor lengthening of the deprivation schedule had any effect upon the FI responding.

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