Effects of Frequency and Specificity of Information Feedback on Acquisition and Extinction of a Positioning Task

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga S. Baird ◽  
Glenn H. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Partial Information ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Information Feedback ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Coarse Scale ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Facilitated Learning

An experiment designed to specify the process similarities of information feedback and reinforcement and to note the interaction of 2 major feedback variables on a simple positioning task. 80 students were randomly divided into 4 groups receiving either 25, 50, 75, or 100% schedules of feedback, analogous to fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. The 4 groups were further divided into 2 subgroups that differed in terms of specificity of feedback. Results indicated that when all Ss were provided the same number of feedbacks, the groups did not differ during acquisition. Groups with partial information feedback demonstrated greater resistance to extinction. The coarse-scale treatment facilitated learning but had no effect during extinction. There was no interaction between frequency and specificity of information.

Effects of Contingent Social Reinforcement with Delusional Chronic Schizophrenic Men

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bulow ◽  
T. P. S. Oei ◽  
B. Pinkev
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Social Reinforcement ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Verbal Reinforcement ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
Mild Punishment

4 male, chronic schizophrenic inpatients were subjects in an experiment aimed at investigating whether contingent verbal reinforcement could decrease delusional verbalizations. The reinforcement connoted both approval and mild punishment, and two different schedules of reinforcement, fixed and variable ratios, were employed. A significant conditioning effect was observed, but neither fixed ratio nor variable ratio was successful in providing resistance to extinction. Results were discussed in the light of the immediacy hypothesis which suggests that immediate stimuli govern the behavior of schizophrenics.

Comparison of the performance of deafferented and intact monkeys on continuous and fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Taub ◽  
Mary Williams ◽  
Gilbert Barro ◽  
Solomon S. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement

Overtraining and Frustration

1963 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan R. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Resistance To Extinction

An interpretation of the effects of overtraining on resistance to extinction, in terms of differences in frustration, is called into question by the extinction behavior of Ss trained or overtrained with different schedules of reinforcement.

A Method for Illustrating the Continuity of Behavior during Schedules of Reinforcement

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Silva ◽  
Ruhiyyih Yuille ◽  
Lisa K. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Operant Behavior ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Assignment Of Credit ◽  
First Contact

In this article, we present a method for illustrating the continuity of behavior during schedules of reinforcement. Students experienced either a fixed-interval 15-sec schedule in which the first contact after 15 sec of a cursor on a computer screen with a 0.7-cm diameter virtual (invisible) target resulted in reinforcement (a beep) or a fixed-ratio 5 schedule in which every 5th contact with the target produced the reinforcer. In addition to illustrating the continuity of behavior, this method provides a means of exposing students to concepts and methods such as the acquisition of operant behavior, the assignment-of-credit problem, the organization of behavior across time, and the analysis of single-subject data.

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