Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon Transfer and Modified Kidner Technique in Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Maskill ◽  
Gregory C. Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Tendon Transfer ◽  
Posterior Tibial Tendon ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction ◽  
Longus Tendon ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Reconstruction Operations for Acquired Flatfoot: Biomechanical Evaluation

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold B. Kitaoka ◽  
Zong-Ping Luo ◽  
Kai-Nan An
Keyword(s):  
Tendon Transfer ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Deltoid Ligament ◽  
Posterior Tibial Tendon ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction ◽  
Longus Tendon ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

A major limitation of operations commonly performed for acquired flatfoot is inadequate correction of alignment. The authors defined the efficacy of two operations, deltoid ligament reconstruction and flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer, for treatment of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction with flatfoot deformity. Twelve fresh-frozen foot specimens were used. A flatfoot deformity was created, and, to simulate the midstance phase of gait, loads were applied axially to the plantar surface of the foot and to appropriate tendons. Foot position improved substantially after deltoid ligament reconstruction but not after flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer. The average increase in arch height after deltoid ligament reconstruction was 10.3 ± 8.9 mm and after flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer, −0.6 ± 2.0 mm. Mean arch height after deltoid ligament reconstruction was 2.2 ± 1.7 mm less than intact arch height and, after flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer, 13.2 ± 9.0 mm less than intact arch height. Improvement in metatarsal-talar, calcaneal-talar, and talar-tibial positions was significantly greater after deltoid ligament reconstruction than after flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer. Although the authors do not advocate clinical use, the deltoid ligament reconstruction was more effective than flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer in restoring arch alignment in flatfoot.

The Response of the Flexor Digitorum Longus and Posterior Tibial Muscles to Tendon Transfer and Calcaneal Osteotomy for Stage II Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Rosenfeld ◽  
Jonathan Dick ◽  
Terence S. Saxby
Keyword(s):  
Tendon Transfer ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Posterior Tibial Tendon ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Calcaneal Osteotomy ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Background: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the response of the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and posterior tibial (PT) muscles to FDL tendon transfer and medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy for stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD). Methods: Twelve patients were divided into two groups, depending on whether the PTtendon was excised(Excised Tendon Group) or left intact (Intact Tendon Group). The muscle volumes of the FDL and PT muscles in both legs were measured and compared, using cross-sectional area (CSA) analysis of preoperative and postoperative MRI. Results: Preoperatively, there was an average 11% reduction in the PT muscle volume and a 17% increase in the FDL muscle volume from the normal contralateral side in both groups. One year after surgery (average 13.4 months) in both groups, the FDL muscle volume had increased by an average of 27% and the PT muscle volume had decreased by 23% compared to the contralateral normal side. The FDL volume increased by 44% in the Excised Tendon Group compared to 11% in the Intact Tendon Group. The PT muscle volumes were not assessed in the Excised Tendon Group because all PT muscle had been replaced by fatty infiltration. The PT volumes in the Intact Tendon Group decreased further from a 6% reduction preoperatively to a 23% reduction postoperatively compared to the normal contralateral side. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot scores increased from 50 preoperatively to 88 at 1 year after surgery. There was no difference in the scores between the Excised Tendon (47 to 87) and Intact Tendon (53 to 89) groups. Conclusion: We concluded that the FDL muscle hypertrophies in response to a failing PT muscle. This hypertrophy continues after FDL transfer and medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy. With excision of the PT tendon, the FDL undergoes greater hypertrophy than if the tendon is left attached. The PT muscle continues to atrophy and undergoes complete fatty replacement if the tendon is excised. Transfer of the FDL and medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy produce a satisfactory improvement in hindfoot function; the outcome was the same whether the PT tendon was sacrificed or left intact.

Intermediate Term Follow-up of Calcaneal Osteotomy and Flexor Digitorum Longus Transfer for Treatment of Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir H. Fayazi ◽  
Hoan-Vu Nguyen ◽  
Paul J. Juliano
Keyword(s):  
Stage Ii ◽  
Posterior Tibial Tendon ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Calcaneal Osteotomy ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Shoe Wear

Twenty-three patients with stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction who had failed non-surgical therapy were treated with flexor digitorum longus transfer and calcaneal osteotomy. At latest follow-up averaging 35±7 months (range, 24 to 51 months), 22 patients (96%) were subjectively “better” or “much better.” No patient had difficulty with shoe wear; however, four patients (17%) required routine orthotic use consisting of a molded shoe insert. AOFAS scores were available on 21 patients and improved from a preoperative mean of 50±14 (range, 27 to 85) to a postoperative mean of 89±10 (range, 70 to 100). Our experience, at an intermediate date follow-up is that calcaneal osteotomy and flexor digitorum longus transfer is a safe and effective form of treatment for stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.

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