This paper aims to investigate energy management of the hybrid AC/DC microgrid with the high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as electrical vehicles, heat pumps, and photovoltaics. In the previous studies, energy management of the hybrid microgrid is usually carried out by the system operator in a centralized manner, which suffers from the compromise of privacy information protection and the risk of single-point failure. Therefore, this paper proposes a distributed energy management scheme of the hybrid microgrid using the projection function-based alternating direction method of multipliers (P-ADMM), which allows each subgrid, i.e., AC subgrid and DC subgrid, to make day-ahead schedules independently with information exchanges while obtaining the optimal energy management solution. The energy management problem of the hybrid microgrid is formulated as a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) model, considering DER and energy storage system operation constraints, system operation constraints, and converter operation constraints. Then, the MIQP model is decomposed and distributed into smaller-scale QP models between subgrids using the P-ADMM algorithm, which can handle binary variables through projection functions. The numerical results conducted on the hybrid microgrid demonstrate that the proposed distributed scheme can effectively achieve optimal energy management for the hybrid AC/DC microgrid in a distributed manner.
Distributed Energy Resources to Improve the Power Quality and to Reduce Energy Costs of a Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid
