Background:
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) continues to be a significantly morbid disease for the aging population with high likelihood of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
Objective:
To analyze incidence and timing of all cause and cardiovascular mortality (CM) in patients who survived after intervention for CLI.
Methods:
Patients consecutively discharged with diagnosis of CLI during the period 2006-2008 were re-evaluated for cardiovascular morbidity after 2 years. Patients receiving revascularization either open or endovascular and those with primary major amputation were compared with Kaplan-Meier analyses. The effect of treatment on outcome was analyzed with Cox analysis.
Results:
There were 257 patients (171 men, aged 74.12y), 39 treated by primary major amputation and 218 by revascularization. During a mean follow-up of 37months, 81 patients died for all cause mortality and 35 for CM. Mean survival time was 57.4months. More than half deaths (n=44) occurred by 15 months with 21 patients dying in the first 6 months and 33 within the first 12 months. Thirty-five myocardial infarctions and 15 strokes occurred.
Cumulative survival rate at 60 months was 54% for all cause mortality and 79% for CM. There was significantly worse survival in patients with primary amputation when compared to those receiving revascularization: rates for all cause mortality were 45% vs. 75% (p=0.001) and rates for CM were 68% vs. 90% (p<0.0001), in primary amputation and revascularization group respectively at 42 months.
Unadjusted odd ratios for all cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with primary amputation vs. revascularization were 3.07 (95%CI 1.5-6.1, p=0.002) and 5.25 (95%CI 2.3-11.6, p<0.0001), respectively. After adjusting for age and gender, primary amputation persisted as independent predictor of all cause (HR 2.76, p<0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 5.11; p<0.0001).
Conclusion:
Mortality and CM after 2 years in patients surviving from CLI procedures are high. Primary amputation is a strong predictor of poor prognosis in the mid-long term for patients with CLI. Most deaths occur in the first 15 months after treatment. This data may question the benefits of revascularization.
Racial Disparities Exist in Amputation Outcomes Associated With Critical Limb Ischemia
