Landed estates of the Knights Templar in England and Wales and their management in the early fourteenth century

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 36-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Knights Templar

TENANTS’ COPIES OF COURT ROLLS IN ENGLAND AND WALES BEFORE 1400

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
C.R.J. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Restricted Distribution

While much has been written about the early development of copyhold, and the presumed origins in the fourteenth century of the practice of making copies of court roll entries for tenants, original copies have not been systematically sought or investigated. This article uses research in 38 repositories to analyse 176 copies of seigneurial court rolls, of which full transcripts are published online elsewhere. It indicates their diverse physical and formal characteristics, the types of court that produced them, their distribution, their chronology and the tenurial aspects of the content. The distribution was far wider at an earlier date than previously believed; by 1400 it included at least three-quarters of English counties, with a more restricted distribution in Wales. Copies before 1400 were made for freeholders as well as customary tenants, but apparently seldom on the death of a tenant. They are found among other deeds in both family and institutional archives.

The representation of the English lower clergy in parliament during the later fourteenth century

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. McHardy
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
England And Wales

The service of God in Church and State’: in medieval England these two usually separate activities were combined in the parliamentary attendance of the clergy. Two methods were employed in summoning the clergy: parliamentary abbots and the bishops were called by individual writs of summons; the lower clergy were called indirectly.The writ of summons to each bishop of England and Wales included a mandate, called, from its opening word, the premunientes clause, ordering the bishop to cause to appear in parliament the head of his cathedral chapter, one proctor for the cathedral clergy, all the archdeacons, and two proctors for the diocesan clergy. After 1340, obedience to the premunientes clause was not enforced by the crown, so technically the command to the lower clergy to be present in parliament was episcopal, not royal. It is not the intention to discuss here the theoretical and constitutional issues involved but to describe the execution of the premunientes clause between 1340 and 1400 as far as the limitations of the sources allow.

Medieval Scottish Historians and the Contest for Britain

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-175
Author(s):  
Daniel Davies
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Natural Abundance ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract Scholars often claim that medieval writers use Britain and England interchangeably, but Britain was a contested term throughout the period. One persistent issue was how Scotland fit within Anglocentric visions of the island it shared with England and Wales. This article traces imperialist geography in English historiography via the descriptio Britanniae (description of Britain), a trope found across the Middle Ages, and the fourteenth-century Gough Map, the first sheet-map of Britain. Scottish historians rebut the claims of their Anglocentric counterparts and demonstrate their incomplete knowledge, which they zealously supplement by inventorying Scotland’s natural abundance. In particular, the article concentrates on the remarkable celebration of Scotland’s marine life in Walter Bower’s Scotichronicon (ca. 1447). Attending to the long history of these debates both reveals and counteracts the Anglocentrism of insular literary history.

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