Proactive Inhibition in Retarded Persons: Some Clues to Short-Term Memory Processing

Deficiencies in disabled readers’ short-term memory processing were studied. A deficit in memory capacity versus susceptibility to interference was investigated by examining performance over trials. A mediation versus production deficiency in memory processing was examined by testing the effect of instructions for rehearsal on performance of average and disabled readers in Grades 2 and 5. Contrary to prior research, facilitative effects of rehearsal instructions on second graders’ memory were found only on Trial 1. Fifth graders’ memory was adversely affected by overt rehearsal. Requiring children to rehearse overtly at a set rate may account for the results. A second study examined effects of covert rehearsal on the memory of average and disabled readers in Grade 2 over trials. Facilitative effects of covert rehearsal were shown when data of children who spontaneously rehearsed were removed. A deficiency in production by second graders was supported. Disabled readers who did not rehearse were more susceptible to interference.

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The Role of Stimulus Material in Determining Release from Proactive Inhibition

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1080/14640747608400566 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 395-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John M. Gardiner ◽

Hilary Klee ◽

Graham Redman ◽

Michael Ball

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Proactive Inhibition ◽

Stimulus Material ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Colour Feature ◽

Release Data ◽

Memory Codes ◽

Relative Salience

The release from proactive inhibition (PI) paradigm has been widely used as a technique for exploring the encoding dimensions of short-term memory for verbal items. PI release data have been used not only to infer particular memory codes but also to index their relative salience. In the present study, the effects of manipulating the colour (red or black) in which the stimulus material is printed were investigated in two separate experiments. No release effect was obtained in the first, where common two-syllable words were presented. In the second, where consonant trigrams were presented, a large effect was found. Since the same colour feature was manipulated in each experiment, it is argued that this pattern of results has serious implications for the use of PI release data as a technique for mapping the encoding dimensions of short-term memory.

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Phase-coupling of theta–gamma EEG rhythms during short-term memory processing

International Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1016/s0167-8760(01)00199-4 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 143-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 187

Author(s):

B. Schack ◽

N. Vath ◽

H. Petsche ◽

H.-G. Geissler ◽

E. Möller

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Eeg Rhythms ◽

Phase Coupling ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Memory Processing

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Pupillary Measurement and Release from Proactive Inhibition

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1975.41.3.835 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 835-842 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Randall Engle

Keyword(s):

Pupil Size ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Proactive Inhibition ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Better Than

One of the explanations of release from proactive inhibition in short-term memory is that the subjects re-attend to the items on the release trial because the items are different from the previous ones. It is further assumed that this increase in attention causes the release items to be learned better than the preceding items. This experiment measured the pupils of the subjects' eyes while they were participating in a proactive-inhibition release-type task. The results showed no increase in attention, as indexed by pupil size, on the release trial. This did not support the attentional explanation of the proactive-inhibition release phenomenon.

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