This article covers the ten-year period (1949-1959) of M.E. Lobashev work in the Pavlov Institute of Physiology. During this time he realized his ideas about biological adaptive role of conditioned reflex. According to Lobashev, conditioned reflex is the universal mechanism of interaction between the organism and environment, regulating the realization of genetic information, promoting active adaptation to habitat in ontogenesis and providing the functional continuity between generations ("signal inheritance").