BASIC EMPIRICAL APPROACHES TO STUDYING SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF STUDENTS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

Speaking about empirical approaches to the study of the socio-psychological adaptation of students with visual impairments (hereinafter referred to as SPAVI), it is necessary to proceed from the understanding that the very process of adaptation for students with the indicated health limitations is the basic process of social and mental development of the individual. In addition, this process is constant in terms of active adaptation of students with visual impairments to the environment in which they integrate and interact in it. In this regard, the relevance and significance of empirical approaches to the study of SPAVI is determined by their position and the degree of formation of the ability to be included in the life of the microsocium in which they are socialized and to occupy a full-fledged creative "membership" in it. The article identifies and characterizes the main empirical approaches to the study of SPAVI. The identification of the types of approaches is given in the author's concept-interpretation. Within the framework of each identified approach, the author defines a range of indicators that make it possible to draw up the most complete picture of the socio-psychological adaptation of students in higher educational institutions. The author concludes that that the support of the SPAVI process on the basis of the identified approaches will effectively contribute to the development of a high level of self-actualization and social activity of this category of students.

Calculation of the regulator for the object with a delay

The task of managing some systems is complicated due to the fact that real technical objects contain delay links. That is, there is a certain period of time when there is no reaction from the object of regulation to the control action. Usually, the presence of a delay link negatively affects the quality of management of such a system. There are various ways to synthesize a control system for such systems. These include: Smith predictors, specialized control tuning algorithms, the use of self-adjusting systems with active adaptation. However, they impose additional requirements on the dynamics of the system or are complex in technical implementation and configuration. Within the framework of this article, an attempt is made to calculate the regulator by the polynomial method for an object with a delay. The mathematical model of the delay is obtained by approximating the delay link next to the Pade. To ensure the necessary dynamics of the transition process from the system, we require the preservation of the poles of the delay link. Then the regulator, calculated for a system with a delay link in the form of a series of Pads, is applied to a system with an "ideal" delay. For clarity of the calculations carried out, an object in the form of a combination of aperiodic and integrating links connected in different ways is taken as an example. The integrating link is necessary to give the system astatic properties. As a delay, we will use the approximation of the range of different orders. The link of delay gives the system a non-stable character.

The Organisational Resilience (OR) of Rural Non-Profits (RNPOs) under Conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic Global Uncertainty

The study investigated the organisational resilience (OR) levels of rural non-profit organisations (RNPOs) in the areas of activity or non-activity to adapt under the global uncertainty conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, in April/May 2020, the managers of 35 RNPOs located in Poland were queried. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρS), the coefficient of determination (R2) and a transformation coefficient (d) were primarily used to verify the hypotheses and interpret the relationships studied. The study revealed four OR descriptive levels—progressive (PR), sustainable (SR), regressive (RR), and downward (DR). The findings also show that the undertaken activities are related to the OR descriptive levels. RNPOs realised one of two adaptations: passive adaptation aimed at returning to the pre-pandemic original state with no changes may lead to a bounce backwards and an uncertain survival, whilst active adaptation leads to a transformation process between OR levels to move forward and thrive in adapting to post-pandemic changes. This study confirmed that building OR requires understanding the ways of transformations among OR levels to undertake activities in strategic areas, i.e., activity scope (AS), cooperation (CO), and finance (FI), to adapt and transform RNPOs’ in an environment of post-pandemic uncertainty.

Modern evolutionism and the views of A. A. Lyubishchev on the problem of species

With the advent of Darwinism, historical, functional, and adaptive approaches began to dominate in the theory of form. According to A. A. Lyubishchev: «Historical morphology devoured constructive». The tasks of morphology and taxonomy are closely related. Both disciplines should strive to identify the laws governing the diversity of the organic world. The nomogenetic component of evolution, the laws underlying the system, are reflected in morphology. And vice versa, the similarity of organs of different origins, facts of incomplete homology, pre-adaptation of forms, a huge number of parallelisms and many other morphological factors prove not only the existence of laws of form, but also the nomogenetic component of evolution. Despite the heterogeneity and exceptional complexity in the structure of organisms, there is a recurrence of similar forms that penetrates the entire systematics, suggesting that the forms of organisms are not epiphenomenons of a complex structure. An excellent example of regular variability is the Law of homologous series of hereditary variability by N. I. Vavilov: «knowing what mutational changes occur in individuals of any species, one can foresee that the same mutations in similar conditions will arise in related species and genera.» For A. A. Lyubishchev, the main components of evolution were: 1) tychogenetic (evolution based on random, unforeseen mutations); 2) nomogenetic (the presence of firm laws of development and limited form formation); 3) ectogenetic (factors external to organisms); and 4) telogenetic (active adaptation of organisms). At present, the study of architectonics and promorphology is coming to the fore, i.e. symmetry of organisms.

Traditional Chinese Culture and the Construction of Ecological Civilization: From Cultural Genes to Practical Behaviors — Case Studies in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism

Traditional Chinese culture contains the thought of respecting nature and protecting the ecological environment, thus it is of theoretical and practical significance for the construction of ecological civilization in China. This paper uses textual analysis on the works from Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism to explain the cultural genes related to the harmonious development of man and nature, in addition to examining possibilities for adapting the cultural genes in the practice of ecological civilization construction. It concludes that by means of policy guidance and active adaptation, traditional Chinese culture can effectively realize its potential for ecological protection and be integrated into China’s ecological civilization construction.

New Technologies and Innovative Solutions in the Development Strategies of Energy Enterprises

Energy companies face challenges arising from the ecological, social and legal environment. The reduction of negative impact on the environment and society while maintaining sustainable development affects the formation of new development strategies and push to introduce the state of art innovative technologies. The main aim of the research is to analyze the importance and role of the adaptation strategy to external requirements and to determine the mechanisms of the occurrence of passive and active adaptation. As a new approach to carrying out strategic analysis, two models were used simultaneously (inductive and hypothetical-deductive) which allows for realization qualitative (interviews, observations) and quantitative (statistical analysis) research methods generally called mixed methods. The study was conducted on the basis of mixed-method analysis of adaptations strategies of enterprises from the energy sector. The results of the conducted research show the influence of particular macroeconomic elements (e.g. technologies, ecologies) on making strategic decisions. The issue of adapting an enterprise to its environment is also related to its involvement in the research and development (R&D) sphere. Depending on the size of the company there are different amounts dedicated to R&D. Regulations and the technological environment force innovations of energy companies in the direction of reducing harmful impact on the environment and society. Legal and political factors (both national and EU) determine the activities of power companies (in each group: small, medium and large) and determine the choice of adaptation strategies. The intensity of adaptation to the requirements of the environment changes depends on the size of the company. Power companies apply passive adaptation strategies and as they increase their position on the market, they begin to implement an active adaptation strategy.

Trends in the development of marketing technologies in the tourism market

This article deals with trends in the development of marketing activities in the tourism market. In the field of tourist marketing should be considered in two aspects: the first aspect is a system focused on the strategy and tactics of active adaptation to the changing requirements of the tourist market; and the second aspect is the interaction of the main market elements: consumer, product, price, advertising, sales, etc. One of the types of services in tourism, which is expanding is marketing. In facts it affects the interests of every person and every organization in any given market. Marketing of tourism in the international sphere in comparison with other areas where all methods and approaches of marketing activities are actively used, remains at a lower level, of use in the promotion of tourist destination despite the fact that tourism seems to be a popular way of recreation for more than a decade. The aim of the article is to analyze the in the main tendencies in the development of the use of marketing technologies in the tourism industry services on the basis of the modern market conditions as well as the study of integrated methods of promotion of tourist destinations.

Adaptation strategy on regulated markets of power companies in Poland

Electric utilities (power companies), which include production, transmission, distribution, and trade of electricity play an important role in a national economy. Many scientific institutions undertook the research concerning the issues of the power sector. The main reason was to find an answer to the question: Which of the developed strategies that ensure energy security of the country concerning with energy distribution and resources management should be taken into consideration? Should the companies adopt the strategy of adaptation or perhaps the strategy of breakthrough? If they follow the adaptation course, should it be a passive or active adaptation, and which circumstances are the most important? These questions were constantly analyzed by the author in his research realized among the power companies.

Religieuze tolerantie vraagt onderwijs in gastvrijheid

The South African-Dutch research group responsible for this article started its activities in 2012 by looking at religious tolerance (in education) as a means of addressing the tendency for religious intolerance, extremism and fundamentalism. While (teaching in) tolerance seemed to be a promising way to counter religious intolerable behaviour, some shortcomings also became apparent. For example, the concept of tolerance includes an aspect of passivity towards others who adhere to another religion. The concept also does not appear to be able to respond to attitudes and values such as respect, human rights and diversity. Accurate investigation of this problem, both conceptually and empirically, led to the understanding that hospitality is a concept that embodies more active adaptation to those who are different (including religious). Hospitality, therefore, seems to be a more promising concept than tolerance for reducing religious tension between individuals and groups. The inner contradiction discovered by Derrida in the notion of hospitality does not detract from the concept of being defined from a Biblical point of view. Hospitality can also be taught to young people. Although there are no formal provisions for hospitality in the national curricula, an analysis of the Dutch and South African national curricula shows that there is room for hospitality education.