scholarly journals The use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in sex selection for family balancing in India

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Malpani ◽  
A Malpani ◽  
D Modi
Keyword(s):  
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Family Balancing ◽  
Selection For

Sex Selection by Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) for Nonmedical Reasons in Contemporary Israeli Regulations

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD V. GRAZI ◽  
JOEL B. WOLOWELSKY ◽  
DAVID J. KRIEGER
Keyword(s):  
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
American Law ◽  
Selection For ◽  
American Society

We report here on recent developments in Israel on the issue of sex selection for nonmedical reasons by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Sex selection for medical reasons (such as in cases of sex-linked genetic diseases) is generally viewed as uncontroversial and legal in European and American law. Its use for nonmedical reasons (like “balancing” the gender ratio in a family) is generally illegal in European countries. In the United States, it is not illegal, although in the opinion of the Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), it is problematic. This position is undergoing reconsideration, albeit in a limited way.

Pre-conceptual sex selection

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (46) ◽  
pp. 1815-1819
Author(s):  
Máté Julesz
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
The United States ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Reproductive Justice ◽  
Medically Assisted Procreation ◽  
Family Balancing ◽  
European Health ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Catholic Church

According to Article 14 of the Oviedo Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine of the Council of Europe, the use of techniques of medically assisted procreation shall not be allowed for the purpose of choosing a future child’s sex, unless serious hereditary sex-related disease is to be avoided. In Israel and the United States of America, pre-conceptual sex selection for the purpose of family balancing is legal. The European health culture does not take reproductive justice for part of social justice. From this aspect, the situation is very similar in China and India. Reproductive liberty is opposed by the Catholic Church, too. According to the Catholic Church, medical grounds may not justify pre-conceptual sex selection, though being bioethically less harmful than family balancing for social reasons. In Hungary, according to Section 170 of the Criminal Code, pre-conceptual sex selection for the purpose of family balancing constitutes a crime. At present, the Hungarian legislation is in full harmony with the Oviedo Convention, enacted in Hungary in 2002 (Act No. 6 of 2002). Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(46), 1815–1819.

scholarly journals Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis—An Overview

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Mackie Ogilvie ◽  
Peter R. Braude ◽  
Paul N. Scriven
Keyword(s):  
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Hla Typing ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Aneuploidy Screening ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Public Controversy ◽  
Polar Bodies ◽  
Monogenic Diseases

Since the early 1990s, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has been expanding in scope and applications. Selection of female embryos to avoid X-linked disease was carried out first by polymerase chain reaction, then by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and an ever-increasing number of tests for monogenic diseases have been developed. Couples with chromosome rearrangements such as Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations form a large referral group for most PGD centers and present a special challenge, due to the large number of genetically unbalanced embryos generated by meiotic segregation. Early protocols used blastomeres biopsied from cleavage-stage embryos; testing of first and second polar bodies is now a routine alternative, and blastocyst biopsy can also be used. More recently, the technology has been harnessed to provide PGD-AS, or aneuploidy screening. FISH probes specific for chromosomes commonly found to be aneuploid in early pregnancy loss are used to test blastomeres for aneuploidy, with the aim of replacing euploid embryos and increasing pregnancy rates in groups of women who have poor IVF success rates. More recent application of PGD to areas such as HLA typing and social sex selection have stoked public controversy and concern, while provoking interesting ethical debates and keeping PGD firmly in the public eye.

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