scholarly journals HAZOR EB III CITY ABANDONMENT AND IBA PEOPLE RETURN: RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ron Lev ◽  
Shlomit Bechar ◽  
Elisabetta Boaretto
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology

ABSTRACT Tel Hazor is one of only a few sites in Israel where remains of the Intermediate Bronze Age (IBA) in the second half of the 3rd millennium BC were found on top of Early Bronze III (EB III) city remains. A probe excavation was held at Hazor in 2017 to explore the chronological relation between the EB III and the IBA occupation. The radiocarbon (14C) absolute dates generated from this probe excavation show that following the EB III city demise, the site was abandoned for up to a few hundred years before it was resettled in the IBA. 14C dates obtained from the last level of the EB III city are well before 2500 BCE, fully aligned with the recent “High Chronology” for the EBA in the southern Levant. The excavation also produced dates associated with IBA “Black Wheel-Made Ware” vessels, which were found in large numbers at Hazor.

scholarly journals New excavations at Tel Erani: the Early Bronze Age I fortification walls and early urbanisation in the Southern Levant

Antiquity ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ianir Milevski ◽  
Marcin Czarnowicz ◽  
Dmitry Yegorov ◽  
Jacek Karmowski ◽  
Marcin Gamrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Southern Levant

Fortification walls and other buildings discovered during renewed excavations at Tel Erani (Tell esh-Sheikh el-Areyni) shed new light on the beginnings of urbanisation in the Southern Levant during the second half of the fourth millennium BC.

Cultural Metallurgy—A Key Factor in the Transition from the Chalcolithic to Bronze Age in the Southern Levant

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Nissim Amzallag
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Late Chalcolithic ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Bronze Age

The causes of the disappearance of Late Chalcolithic society (Ghassulian) in the early fourth millennium bc remain obscure. This study identifies the collapse as the consequence of a change in the approach to metallurgy from cosmological fundament (Late Chalcolithic) to a practical craft (EB1). This endogenous transition accounts for the cultural recession characterizing the transitional period (EB1A) and the discontinuity in ritual practices. The new practical approach in metallurgy is firstly observed in the southern margin of the Ghassulian culture, which produced copper for distribution in the Nile valley rather than the southern Levant. Nevertheless, the Ghassulian cultural markers visible in the newly emerging areas of copper working (southern coastal plain, Nile valley) denote the survival of the old cosmological traditions among metalworkers of the EB1 culture. Their religious expression unveils the extension of the Ghassulian beliefs attached to metallurgy and their metamorphosis into the esoteric fundaments of the Bronze Age religions.

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