The penultimate form of approximation to normal extremes

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 324-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Gaussian Sequence ◽  
Stationary Gaussian Sequence ◽  
Type Iii

Let Yn denote the largest of n independent N(0,1) random variables. It is shown that the error in approximating the distribution of Yn by the type III extreme value distribution exp {– (–Ax + B) k }, k > 0, is uniformly of order (log n)–2 if and only if the constants A, B and k satisfy certain conditions. In particular, this holds for the penultimate form of Fisher and Tippett (1928). Furthermore, two sufficient conditions are given so that these results can be extended to a stationary Gaussian sequence.

The penultimate form of approximation to normal extremes

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Gaussian Sequence ◽  
Stationary Gaussian Sequence ◽  
Type Iii

Let Yn denote the largest of n independent N(0,1) random variables. It is shown that the error in approximating the distribution of Yn by the type III extreme value distribution exp {– (–Ax + B)k}, k > 0, is uniformly of order (log n)–2 if and only if the constants A, B and k satisfy certain conditions. In particular, this holds for the penultimate form of Fisher and Tippett (1928). Furthermore, two sufficient conditions are given so that these results can be extended to a stationary Gaussian sequence.

scholarly journals Tail Properties and Asymptotic Expansions for the Maximum of the Logarithmic Skew-Normal Distribution

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 900-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liao ◽  
Zuoxiang Peng ◽  
Saralees Nadarajah
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Expansion ◽  
Convergence Rate ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Asymptotic Expansions ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Skew Normal Distribution ◽  
Skew Normal

We discuss tail behaviors, subexponentiality, and the extreme value distribution of logarithmic skew-normal random variables. With optimal normalized constants, the asymptotic expansion of the distribution of the normalized maximum of logarithmic skew-normal random variables is derived. We show that the convergence rate of the distribution of the normalized maximum to the Gumbel extreme value distribution is proportional to 1/(log n)1/2.

Limit laws for maxima of a sequence of random variables defined on a Markov chain

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney I. Resnick ◽  
Marcel F. Neuts
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Domain Of Attraction ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value Distributions ◽  
Limit Laws ◽  
Limiting Behavior ◽  
Normalizing Constants

Consider the bivariate sequence of r.v.'s {(Jn, Xn), n ≧ 0} with X0 = - ∞ a.s. The marginal sequence {Jn} is an irreducible, aperiodic, m-state M.C., m < ∞, and the r.v.'s Xn are conditionally independent given {Jn}. Furthermore P{Jn = j, Xn ≦ x | Jn − 1 = i} = pijHi(x) = Qij(x), where H1(·), · · ·, Hm(·) are c.d.f.'s. Setting Mn = max {X1, · · ·, Xn}, we obtain P{Jn = j, Mn ≦ x | J0 = i} = [Qn(x)]i, j, where Q(x) = {Qij(x)}. The limiting behavior of this probability and the possible limit laws for Mn are characterized.Theorem. Let ρ(x) be the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue of Q(x) for real x; then:(a)ρ(x) is a c.d.f.;(b) if for a suitable normalization {Qijn(aijnx + bijn)} converges completely to a matrix {Uij(x)} whose entries are non-degenerate distributions then Uij(x) = πjρU(x), where πj = limn → ∞pijn and ρU(x) is an extreme value distribution;(c) the normalizing constants need not depend on i, j;(d) ρn(anx + bn) converges completely to ρU(x);(e) the maximum Mn has a non-trivial limit law ρU(x) iff Qn(x) has a non-trivial limit matrix U(x) = {Uij(x)} = {πjρU(x)} or equivalently iff ρ(x) or the c.d.f. πi = 1mHiπi(x) is in the domain of attraction of one of the extreme value distributions. Hence the only possible limit laws for {Mn} are the extreme value distributions which generalize the results of Gnedenko for the i.i.d. case.

Non-homogeneously paced random records and associated extremal processes

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald P. Gaver ◽  
Patricia A. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Process ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Rate Function ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Homogeneous Poisson Process ◽  
Extremal Process ◽  
Extremal Processes ◽  
Non Homogeneous Poisson Process

A study is made of the extremal process generated by i.i.d. random variables appearing at the events of a non-homogeneous Poisson process, 𝒫. If 𝒫 has an exponentially increasing rate function, then records eventually occur in a homogeneous Poisson process. The size of the latest record has a classical extreme value distribution.

Non-homogeneously paced random records and associated extremal processes

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 552-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald P. Gaver ◽  
Patricia A. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Process ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Rate Function ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Homogeneous Poisson Process ◽  
Extremal Process ◽  
Extremal Processes ◽  
Non Homogeneous Poisson Process

A study is made of the extremal process generated by i.i.d. random variables appearing at the events of a non-homogeneous Poisson process, 𝒫. If 𝒫 has an exponentially increasing rate function, then records eventually occur in a homogeneous Poisson process. The size of the latest record has a classical extreme value distribution.

Tail equivalence and its applications

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 136-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney I. Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Domain Of Attraction ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Normalizing Constants ◽  
Independent Identically Distributed

If for two c.d.f.'s F(·) and G(·), 1 – F(x)/1 – G(x) → A, 0 &lt;A &lt;∞ , as x → ∞, then for normalizing constants an &gt; 0, bn, n &gt; 1, Fn (anx + bn ) → φ(x), φ(x) non-degenerate, iff Gn (anx + bn )→ φ A−1(x). Conversely, if Fn (anx+bn )→ φ(x), Gn (anx + bn ) → φ'(x), φ(x) and φ'(x) non-degenerate, then there exist constants C &gt;0 and D such that φ'(x) =φ(Cx + D) and limx→∞ 1 — F(x)/1 — G(x) exists and is expressed in terms of C and D, depending on which type of extreme value distribution φ(x) is. These results are used to study domain of attraction questions for products of distribution functions and to reduce the limit law problem for maxima of a sequence of random variables defined on a Markov chain (M.C.) to the independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) case.

Limit laws for maxima of a sequence of random variables defined on a Markov chain

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 323-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney I. Resnick ◽  
Marcel F. Neuts
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Domain Of Attraction ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value Distributions ◽  
Limit Laws ◽  
Limiting Behavior ◽  
Normalizing Constants

Consider the bivariate sequence of r.v.'s {(J n , X n ), n ≧ 0} with X 0 = - ∞ a.s. The marginal sequence {J n } is an irreducible, aperiodic, m-state M.C., m &lt; ∞, and the r.v.'s X n are conditionally independent given {J n }. Furthermore P{J n = j, X n ≦ x | J n − 1 = i} = p ij H i (x) = Q ij (x), where H 1(·), · · ·, H m (·) are c.d.f.'s. Setting M n = max {X 1, · · ·, X n }, we obtain P{J n = j, M n ≦ x | J 0 = i} = [Q n (x)] i, j , where Q(x) = {Q ij (x)}. The limiting behavior of this probability and the possible limit laws for M n are characterized. Theorem. Let ρ(x) be the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue of Q(x) for real x; then: (a)ρ(x) is a c.d.f.; (b) if for a suitable normalization {Q ij n (a ijn x + b ijn )} converges completely to a matrix {U ij (x)} whose entries are non-degenerate distributions then U ij (x) = π j ρ U (x), where π j = lim n → ∞ p ij n and ρ U (x) is an extreme value distribution; (c) the normalizing constants need not depend on i, j; (d) ρ n (a n x + b n ) converges completely to ρ U (x); (e) the maximum M n has a non-trivial limit law ρ U (x) iff Q n (x) has a non-trivial limit matrix U(x) = {U ij (x)} = {π j ρ U (x)} or equivalently iff ρ(x) or the c.d.f. π i = 1 m H i π i(x) is in the domain of attraction of one of the extreme value distributions. Hence the only possible limit laws for {M n } are the extreme value distributions which generalize the results of Gnedenko for the i.i.d. case.

Distributions that are both subexponential and in the domain of attraction of an extreme-value distribution

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Goldie ◽  
Sidney Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Domain Of Attraction ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Convolution Power

When does a distribution F have the property of both being in the domain of attraction of exp {–e–x} and having a second convolution-power tail equivalent to the first: Sufficient conditions and examples are given.

A Probabilistic Metocean Model for Mooring Response in Gulf of Mexico Hurricanes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Mathisen ◽  
Torfinn Hørte
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Significant Wave Height ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Significant Wave

Hindcast data for a specific location is utilised to develop a joint probability function for the metocean variables that are expected to have a significant effect on mooring line tensions for a floating platform moored at that location. The main random variables comprise: peak significant wave height, peak wind speed, peak surface current speed, peak wave direction, peak wind direction and peak current direction, where “peak” indicates the maximum intensity of the metocean effect during a random hurricane. The time lead of peak wind relative to peak waves and the time lag of peak current after peak wind are included as random variables. It is also necessary to describe the time variation around the peak events. Simple models are assumed based on inspection of the time variations during severe hurricanes. Only the part of the hurricane during which the significant wave height exceeds 80% of the peak value is taken into account. The duration of this interval is included. Linear variation is assumed for the directions, hence the rates of change of the 3 directions are included. A linear (triangular) plus parabolic model is assumed for the time variation of the intensities of the 3 metocean effects around their respective peaks. A single parameter is required to define the proportion of linear and parabolic models for each effect and the values of this parameter for each of the 3 metocean effects are also included as random variables. A random hurricane can be drawn from this metocean model, such that the time variation of the metocean actions is deterministic once the values of the random variables have been selected. The overall duration of the hurricane is split into short intervals, each of 15 minutes duration, such that stationary response may be assumed during each short interval. The extreme value distribution of line tension during each short interval is obtained. These distributions are combined to obtain the extreme distribution of line tension during the hurricane. Second order reliability methods are applied to integrate over the distribution of the metocean variables and obtain the distribution of extreme tension during a random hurricane. The annual frequency of hurricanes is used to derive the annual extreme value distribution of line tension. The model is intended for the reliability analysis of the ultimate limit state of mooring lines, but may also be applicable to other response variables. The present paper is primarily concerned with the metocean model, but it is intended to include sample results for the extreme line tension.

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